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RE€OMM£]f BATIOlf 

Of the Ward School Teachers' Association of the City of 

New York, 

In presenting a set of elementary books for the adoption of 
this Association, your Committee unanimously recommends the 
following: 

First : The Pictorial Primer, by R. Bentley. The Committee 
would here observe, that the great object of this work seems to 
be, to make study interesting and attractive to children from the 
very commencement. The style is easy and familiar, the mat- 
ter excellent and admirably arranged, and calculated to make an 
impression on the mind which will produce a favourable result in 
subsequent study. It is well calculated to promote the object 
for which it was designed. 

Second : The Pictorial Spelling Book, by the same author. 
Much of the toil and labour which children generally undergo 
while studying books of this kind, seems to be obviated in this ; 
the variety and illustrations of the lessons ; each of which has for 
its object the gradual improvement of the pupil. The lessons 
are full and various, and several useful tables are introduced 
which are not found in books of this kind. 

Third : The Introduction to the Pictorial Reader, by the same 
author. This is a continuation of this system of spelling and 
reading books, and contains a great variety of easy and instruc- 
tive lessons on familiar subjects, and so arranged and illustrated 
k as to make study pleasing and inviting to children. The con- 
I trasting ;; good and evil, kindness and cruelty, truth and false- 
hood," throughout the work, and pressing upon the tender mind 
a belief that the practice of virtue will render children happy, 
while to follow vice will render them unhappy, are traits of ex-? 
cellence highly commendatory. This is a work of gi^eat merit. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 

f S. Durand, Chairman, 
„ U4 4-l I Joseph W. Wright, 

Committee > on the j H enry W. Hull. ? 
Examination ^ Edward McElroy 
of School Books. \ E H JennYj 

LJohn Walsh, 
The Committee respectfully submits to the Association, for 
<ts adoption, the following resolution : 

Resolved, That this Association recommends the adoption of 
Bentley's Series of Books named in the accompanying report, 
and that we individually will use our influence to secure their 

immediate introduction into schools w T ith which we are con^ 

nectea. 

Adopted at a meeting of the Ward School Teachers 5 Asso* 
ciation, July 23d, 1845. 

Wm. Kennedy, Recording Secretary. 




Frontispiece to Bentley's Spelling-Book. 



THE 

PICTORIAL 

SPELLING BOOR: 

CONTAINING 

Aii improved method of teaching ttie alphabet. 

and likewise spelling and pronunciation, 

by tli e nse of Pictures : interspersed 

with a variety of useful and 

INTERESTING 

ILLUSTRATED WITH 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

Examples for Spelling and Hefinsng words, by 
placing them synonymously : 

ALSO, 

RULES AND EXAMPLES 
FOR SPELLING DERIVATIVE WORDS; 

AND EXAMPLES OF 



PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES, WITH THEIR DEFINITIONS ; 

With other useful and interesting* matter, being 1 an im- 
provement on the English Spelling: Book. 

The orthography and pronunciation adapted to the best usage. 



BY RENSSELAER BENTLEY, 

Author of the Pictorial Primer, American Instructer, Derivative 
Expositor, &c. 

NEW-YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY PRATT WOODFORD & CO. 

1849. 






ADVERTISEMENT. 

In the elementary books published by the author some years ago, 
the orthography and pronunciation of Walker's Dictionary was strictly 
adhered to — the present work, not being confined to that Dictionary 
as a standard, will, in some few words, differ from those formerly pub- 
lished. In the present work, much care has been taken to ascertain 
the most approved orthography and pronunciation of such words as 
are considered doubtful or unsettled ; to accomplish an object so desi- 
rable, reference has been had to our best speakers and writers, and 
where their decisions have been corroborated by our best Dictiona- 
aries, they have been adopted. 

With proper respect for the opinions of others, we would here 
briefly allude to the subject of synonymous words, which at present 
seems to interest and engage public attention. By a careful examina- 
tion of Crabb's English Synonymes, the most complete and scientific 
work of the kind ever published in the English Language, and the 
origin of all minor works, but few words will be found, comparatively 
s eaking, that are strictly synonymous : although some writers have 
ade the class very great. Their good intention is not doubted, nor 
is this meant to detract from the merit of their works : but upon a 
careful examination, much will be found, it is believed, in which " the 
nice shades of distinction between words closely allied," are not suffi- 
ciently preserved ; and therefore not in accordance with the settled 
principles of the language. Popular opinion is often governed by 
impulse, instead of sober reason and careful investigation; and 
thereby errors, gross errors frequently pass unnoticed and uncor- 
rected ; whereby much injury is done, not only to the rising genera- 
tion, but to the purity of the language. 



1899 f) 



Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1839, by 
Rensselaer Bentley, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of 
the Southern District of New- York. 



PREFACE. 



The Spelling Book, being usually the primary book of in- 
struction, is, perhaps, the most important one, so far as edu- 
cation is concerned, that is ever put into the hands of the pupil. 
Being the guide and inductor to the whole round of literature 
and science, it is naturally regarded, in the conceptions of the 
child, as the representative of the train that follows. So if this 
in itself be dull, or is made to produce the impression of dullness 
upon the mind of the young scholar, the idea will inva- 
riably be associated with every succeeding book of instruction. 
Thus the business of study and learning, instead of being regard- 
ed as a rational pleasure, becomes a spiritless and uninteresting 
drudgery. This sense of disgust is sometimes heightened by 
the injudicious teacher, in assigning lessons as a task or a pun- 
ishment — a course never sufficiently to be reprehended. Hence 
the origin of the complaint, so often made by parents in regard 
to their children — that they cannot conquer their aversion to 
books and to study, and consequently find unavailing eveiy ef- 
fort to make them scholars. 

Aware of these evils from personal experience in the business 
of instruction, the author has been induced to attempt a remedy ; 
how far he has succeeded, the public will decide. To this end, 
he has endeavoured to render the gradations of ascent in the 
pupil's incipient attainment, as easy and interesting as possible ; 
and though his course must be " onward and upward" yet that 
the toil of each succeeding step may be repaid by the novelty 
and interest of new scenes. Thus, while it has been a oon^ 
stant endeavour to interest and amuse, it has been with a strict 
and ultimate regard to improvements To secure this object, 
such words are inserted in the introductory spelling sections, as 
will convey familiar and definite ideas to the child. Interspersed 
with these words are pictures, designed not only to excite 
the attention of the pupil, but also to enable him readily and 
easily to comprehend the words themselves. Pictures are 



6 PREFACE. 

also introduced as illustrations, (not as embellishments,) to the 
reading lessons, in order to unfold the story, and render it more 
attractive* Thus a pleasurable excitement will be produced in 
the pupil's mind, and acquisition, it is believed, will cease to be 
regarded as a drudgery. 

In arranging the spelling lessons which are more difficult, the 
words which have the same meaning, are classed together in 
such a manner that each word defines its opposite : this gives 
variety to the spelling exercises, and at the same time introdu- 
ces the study of definitions. Concise rules and examples are 
likewise given for spelling Derivative Words, (a subject almost 
entirely neglected,) a knowledge of which, would correct many 
of the gross errors so common among writers. The prefixes 
and suffixes are also explained in the most familar terms ; with 
examples, and full definitions : with many other useful and in- 
interesting lessons. — The whole, adapted to the capacity and 
comprehension of children. 

Many excellent primers or picture-books have been published 
for the use of children, with a view of substituting them for the 
spelling-book ; but they seem to have entirely failed in their ob- 
ject, in consequence of the great deficiency in the variety of 
spelling lessons. The present work will contain, not only all 
that is necessary in a spelling-book, but also the amusement so 
eagerly sought for in picture-books, thus making " amusement 
the vehicle of instruction" which is so great a desideratum. 

The work is now submitted to the inspection of a candid and 
enlightened community, with the hope that it will receive a thor- 
ough and impartial examination ; believing those school books 
which are best calculated to accelerate the improvement of 
youth, and promote the objects for which they are designed, 
will have the preference in our common schools, 

New-York, May, 1839. 



^ygjTji, ;i -, :::rrrijOT@t 



RUDIMENTS OF THE 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 



The first principles or elements of pronunciation, are letters : 
of which there are twenty -six in the English Language. 

The letters when taken together, are called the English 
Alphabet. 

The Alphabet is divided into vowels and consonants. 

A vowel is a letter which can be sounded by itself, without 
the assistance of any other i'etter. 

The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w, and y. 

A consonant is a letter which cannot be fully sounded with- 
out the help of a vowel. 

The consonants are b, c, d,f, g, h, j, k, 7, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, 
v, x, z, and sometimes w, and y. 

A compound character is two consonants united, which re- 
present a distinct simple sound. They are ch, sh, th, and ng. 

The sounds of the Vowels. 

A has five sounds : a long sound, as in pale ; a short sound, 
as in pat ; a long broad sound, as in pall ; a flat sound, as in 
far ; and a short broad sound, as in wad. 

E has four sounds : a long sound, as in here ; a short sound, 
as in hen ; the sound of u short, as in her ; and the sound of 
a long, as in tete. 

I has four sounds : a long sound, as in bite ; a short sound, 
as in bit ; the sound of u short, as in bird ; and the sound of 
e long, as in police. 

O has six sounds : a long sound, as in note ; a long broad 
sound, as in nor ; a short broad sound, as in not ; the sound of 
oo proper, as in move ; the sound of oo short, as in wolf; and 
the sound of u short, as in love. 

U has three sounds : a long sound, as in cube ; a short 
sound, as in cub ; and the sound of oo short, as in pull. 

TV, when a vowel, has one sound ; which is the same that 
u would have in the same situation ; as in how. 

Y, when a vowel, has two sounds : a long sound, as in style ; 
and a short sound, as in hymn. 



8 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Note. — The preceding sounds of the vowels are all represented by 
figures in the following work: but they have some irregular sounds, 
which are not defined by figures; the words which contain them are 
classed together in the 66th section, and their pronunciation accurate- 
ly pointed out. 

The Diphthongs. 

A diphthong is the union of two vowels uttered by one impulse 
of the voice. 

A proper diphthong is that in which both the vowels are sound- 
ed. They are oi, oy, ou, and ow ; as in oil, boy, ounce, cow. 

An improper diphthong has but one of the vowels sounded ; as 
oa in boat, ea in beat. They are ai, ae, ao, au, aw, ay, ea ee, 
ei, eo, eu, ew, ey, ia, ie, io, oa, oe, co, ua, ue, ui, uy.* 

A triphthong is the union of three vowels ; as in lieu. 

Sounds of the Consonants. 

B has but one sound, as in bale. 

C has four sounds : a hard sound like k, at the end of syl- 
lables, and before a, o, u, I, r, and t ; as in card, cord, curd, 
clog, crop, tract ; a soft sound like s, before e, i, and y, as in cell, 
cite, cymbal ; the sound of sh, as in ocean, social ; and the sound 
of z, as in suffice, discern. 

D has one sound as in dime.\ 

F has one sound, as in life ; except in of, in which it has the 
sound of v. 

G has two sounds : a hard sound ai the end of words, and 
before a, o, u, I, and r ; as in gag, gone, gull, glut, grand : a 
soft sound like j before e, i, and y ; as in gem, gibe, gyre. 
There are exceptions to this last sound, which are defined in 
the following work ; that is, where g is hard before e, i, and y. 

H has but one sound, as in hat. 

I, when a consonant, has the same sound that y would have 
in the same situation : thus filial is pronounced filyal. 

J has one sound, as in joke ; except in the word hallelujah, 
pronounced halleluya. 



* In the following work, when the improper diphthongs are used, the 
vowels which have no sound are printed in Italic characters ; but 
those which are sounded are printed in Roman characters. 

t When the verbal termination ed is not preceded by d or t, the e 
is generally silent and the d is added to the foregoing syllable ; or the 
sound of d changed into t, which is added to the foregoing syllable : thus, 
loved, named, cracked, mixed, are pronounced lovd, namd, crakt, mixt, 
&c. 



fykruiummammte^amasmi 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 9 



K has but one sound, as in kite. 

J, has but one sound, as in line. 

M has one uniform sound, as in man ; except in comptroller, 
pronounced kontrolur. 

N has two sounds : its proper sound as in net ; and the 
sound of ng, as in thank, pronounced thangk. 

P has a uniform sound, as in part ; except in cupboard, pro- 
nounced kubburd. 

Q has always the sound of k, and is followed by u, which 
has the sound of w ; as in quill. 

R has one sound, as in rice. 

2 

Re at the end of words, has the short sound of ur ; thus, 
2 
ji-bre is pronounced Ji-bur, &c. 

S has four sounds : its proper sound, as in sin, silver ; the 
sound of z, as in has, was ; the sound of sh, as in mansion, cen- 
sure ; and the sound of zh, as in fusion, rasure. 

T has three sounds : its proper sound, as in tin, turn ; the 
sound of sh, as in nation, action ; and the sound of ch or tsh, as 
in bas-tion, pronounced bas-tshun. 

U, when a consonant, has the sound that w would have in the 
same situation ; thus queen is pronounced kween. 

V has one uniform sound, as in vine. 

W, when a consonant, has but one sound, as in wine. 

X has three sounds : its proper sound like ks, as in wax ; a 
flat sound like gz, as in exist, pronounced egzist ; and the sound 
of z at the beginning of words, as in Xenophon. 

Y, when a consonant, has but one sound, as in youth. 

Z has two sounds : its proper sound, as in zeal ; and the 
sound of zh, as in glazier pronounced glazhur. 

Ch has three sounds : its proper sound, as in chip ; the sound 
of k, as in chord ; and the sound of sh, as in chaise. 

Sh has but one sound, as in shine. 

Ng has a sharp ringing sound, as in bring ; but when fol- 
lowed by e, the g takes the sound of j, as in strange. 

Th has two sounds : the one sharp, as in think, thin ; the 
other flat, as in these, them. 

Gh sounds like/*, as in rough ; unless otherwise defined. 

Ph sounds like/*, as in phrase ; unless otherwise defined. 

Aw and au, when printed in Roman characters, have the 
sound of broad a long ; as in law, haul. 

Ew has the sound of u long, as in hew, mew. 



10 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Of Words > Accent, Emphasis, and Cadence. 

A letter is the first element, or least part of a word. 

A syllable is a letter, or union of letters, which can be pro- 
nounced by one impulse of the voice. 

Words are articulate sounds, used by common consent, as 
signs of our ideas. 

A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable. 

A word of two syllables is called a dissyllable. 

A word of three syllables is called a trisyllable. 

A word of four or more syllables is called a polysyllable. 

Words are primitive, derivative, or compound. 

A primitive word is that which cannot be reduced to any 
simpler word in the language ; as love, care. 

A derivative word is formed of the primitive, and some dif- 
ferent termination, or an additional syllable or syllables ; as 
love-ly, cares, care-ful, care-ful-ness. 

A compound word is sometimes formed of two primitive 
words, as hat-band, ink-stand ; and sometimes of a primitive 
and derivative ; as whipping-post, singing-master. 

Spelling is the art of expressing words by their proper letters. 

Accent is a forcible stress of the voice on a letter or sylla- 
ble, in order to distinguish it from other letters or syllables in 
the same word : as in ob'-ject, a-ban' -don. 

Emphasis is a particular force of the voice, by which we 
distinguish the most important word or words in a sentence. 

Cadence is a depression of the voice in reading or speaking, 
and generally takes place at the close of a sentence. 

Rules to be observed in using the following 
work. 

The silent letters, except s, are printed in Italic characters. 

S, when printed in Italic, has the sound of z, as in rose. 

The syllables tion, and sion, are pronounced like shun. 

When e terminates a syllable preceded by a consonant, 
where the preceding vowel sound in the same syllable is long, 
it is printed in a Roman character ; in other terminations it is 
printed in Italic. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 11 



In the spelling sections of the following work, the letters, 
have their proper sounds, unless otherwise denned. G has its 
hard sound at the end of words, and before a, o, u, I, and f, 
and its soft sound before e, e, and y ; c has the sound of k be- 
fore a, o, u, I, r, and t, and the sound of s before e, i, and y ; 
and ch has its proper sound ; unless otherwise defined. Ee, 
oo f 11, ff, ss, gg, ck, &c. are all printed in Roman characters, 
although one letter would be sufficient to express the sound. 

A TABLE, 

Representing the different sounds of the simple and diphthongal 
vowels referred to by the figures in the following work. 

Figure 1 represents 

I 1 1 

the long sound of a, as in blame, pave'-ment ; 

II 11 
the long sound of e or ee, as in mere, meet ; 

I 1 1 

the long sound of i, as in mine, prime ; 

II 11 
the long sound of o or oo, as in dote, door ; 

11 11 

the long sound of u or ew, as in in mute, mewl ; 

1 1 1 

the long sound of y, as in type, ty'-rant. 

Figure 2 represents 

2 2 2 

the short sound of a, as in mat, mar'-ry ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of e, as in bet, bet'-ter ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of i, as in pin, pim'-ple ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of u, as in drum, rum'-ble ; 

2 2 2 

the short sound of y, as in hymn, sys'-tem. 

Figure 3 represents 
3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a, as in wall, wa'-ter ; 

3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a, made by au or aw, as in caul, law ; 

3 3 3 

the long sound of broad a made by o, as in corn, morn. 



12 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

Figure 4 represents 
4 4 4 4 

the flat sound of a, as in harm, farm, mar'-ket. 

Figure 5 represents 

5 5 
the short sound of broad a, as in wad, wal'-let \ 

5 5 
the short sound of broad o, as in not, mod'-ern. 

Figure 6 represents 

the sound of oo proper, as in noon, gloom'-y ; 

6 
the sound of oo proper made by o, as in prove. 

Figure 7 represents 
7 7 

the sound of oo short, as in good, wool'-ly ; 

7 7 
the sound of oo short made by o, as in wolf, couZd ; 

7 7 
the sound of oo short made by u, as in full, pull. 

Figure 8 represents 

the sound of u short made by e, as in her ; 

8 8 
the sound of u short made by t, as in bird, dirt ; 

8 8 

the sound of u short made by o or oo, as in love, flood. 

Figure 9 represents 

9 9 
the sound of a long made by e, as in tete, rein. 

Figure 10 represents 

10 10 
the sound of e long made by i, as in shire, pique. 

The diphthongs oi and oz/, represent 

3 2 I oi of 

the long broad o, and the short i or long e, as in boil, cloy 

The diphthongs ou and oio, represent 

3 7 ou ow 

the long broad o, and the short oo, as in pound, brow. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



13 



Questions for exercise in the sounds of the letters. 

Q. What sound has a in name? A. A long sound 
What sound has a in man? 



Q 

Q. What sound has a in hall ? 
Q. What sound has a in farm? 
Q. What sound has a in wad ? 
Q. What sound has e in mere ? 
Q. What sound has e in hemp ? 
Q. What sound has e in her ? 
Q. What sound has e in there ? 
Q. What sound has i in mine ? 
Q. What sound has i in limp ? 
Q. What sound has i in bird ? 
Q. What sound has i in shire ? 
Q- What sound has o in mope ? 
Q. What sound has o in morn ? 
Q. What sound has o in bond? 
Q. What sound has o in prove ? 
Q. What sound has o in wolf? 
Q. What sound has o in come ? 
Q. What sound has u in cw&e ? 
Q . What sound has u in tan ? 
Q. What sound has m in pull? 
Q. What sound has y in sft/fo ? 
Q. What sound has # in hymn ? 



A. A short sound. 

A. A long broad sound. 

A. A flat sound. 

-4. A short broad sound. 

A. A long sound. 

A, A short sound. 

-4. The sound of u short. 

A. The sound of a long. 

A. A long sound. 

A. A short sound. 

-4. The sound of u short. 

A. The sound of e long. 

A. A long sound. 

^L.The long sound of broad a. 

A. A short broad sound. 

A. The sound of oo proper. 

A. The sound of oo short. 

A. The sound of u short. 

^i. A long sound. 

A, A short sound. 

A, The sound of oo short. 

A. A long sound. 

A. A short sound. 



Q. What sound has c in cash? 
Q. What sound has c in czte ? 
Q. What sound has g in game ? 
Q. What sound has g in ^em ? 
Q. What sound has n in can-ker ? 
Q. What sound has s in sing ? 
Q. What sound has s in was ? 
Q. What sound has x in wax ? 
Q. What sound has x in ex-act? 
Q. What sound has ch in chip ? 
Q. What sound has ch in chaise ? 
Q. What sound has ph in phrase ? 
Q. What sound has g7& in tough ? 



A. The sound of A\ 

A. The sound of s. 

A. Its hard sound. 

A. A soft sound like,;. 

.4. The sound of ng. 

A. Its proper sound. 

A. The sound of z. 

^4. Its proper sound ; like&s. 

^4. The sound of gz. 

A. Its proper sound. 

A. The sound of sh. 

A. The sound of/. 

A The sound of/. 



Note. — By exercising the learner in the foregoing, and similar ques- 
tions, he will soon become acquainted with the various sounds of the 
lette rs, w hich is of the utmost importance. j 



14 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



The Alphabet rendered familiar by Pictures. 

The study of the Alphabet is generally uninteresting to children; but by as- 
sociating the letters with pictures, the mind becomes strengthened, and the 
learner pleased: It is believed that children will commit the alphabet to mem- 
ory in this manner, in less than half the time occupied in the usual way. 



A a 

for 

Apple 



H h 

for 

Harp 











jj 

for 

Jug 






M m 

for 

Man 









S s 

for 

Shoe 



T t 

for 

Top 








Yy 

for 

Yoke 




& 




THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



15 



THE ALPHABET. 

• Those who prefer the common method of teaching the Alphabet, as arrang- 
ed on this page, can pursue it : those who prefer teaching it by the assistance 
of pictures, can use the preceding page ; and those who wish a classification, 
can make use of the following page. To change frequently from one page to 
another, will prove highly advantageous to the learner. 



Roman Letters, 



Italic, 



A 


a 


A 


a 


B 


b 


B 


b 


C 


c 


c 


c 


D 


d 


D 


d 


E 


e 


E 


e 


F 
G 
H 


f 

g 
h 


F 
G 
H 


f 

g 
h 


I 


i 


I 


i 


J 


J 


J 


i 


K 


k 


K 


L 


1 


L 


I 


M 


m 


M 


m 


N 


n 


N 


n 


O 


o 








P 

Q 
R 


P 

q 

r 


P 

Q 
R 


P 
r 


S 


s 


S 


s 


T 


t 


T 


t 


U 


u 


U 


u 


V 


V 


V 


V 


w 


w 


w 


w 


X 


X 


X 


X 


Y 
Z 


y 

z 


Y 
Z 


y 

z 


&* 


4 


.* 



Antique, 

b 
c 
d 

e 
f 

g 
h 

■ 

i 
J 



D 

E 

r 
a 



T 



Y 
Z 



ik 



S 5 



& 



Names. 

a 

be 

se 

de 

e 

ef 

je 

aytch 

i 

ka 

el 

em 

crs 

o 

pe 

ku 



r 


ar 


s 

t 


es 
te 


u 


u 


w 


ve 

double u 
eks 


y 


Wl 

ze 



and 



Double Letters. 

fi, ff, fl, ffi, ffl. 

This is a character standing for the word and. 



16 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION I. 




Classification of the Alphabet. 




LESSON I. LESSON V. 


a 


e i o a 


ka la ma na pa 


a 


e i o u 


ke le me ne pe 


a 


e i o u 


ki li mi ni pi 


a 


e i o u 


ko lo mo no po 


a 


e i o u 


kuluuiunupn 




LESSON II. 


LESSON VI. 


b 


d f h j 


r s t v z 


b 


d f h j 


f s t v z 


b 


d f h j 


r s t v z 


b 


d f h j 


f s t v z 




LESSON III. 


LESSON VII. 


ba da fa ha Ja 


ra sa ta va za 


be de fe he je 


re se te ve ze 


bi 


di fi hi ji 


ri si ti vi zi 


bo do f © ho jo 


f© so to v© z© 


bu du f u ha ju 


FU SU til vu zu 




LESSON IV. 


LESSON VIII. 


k 


1 111 11 P 


c s q w x y 


k 


1 111 n p 


c g q w x y 


k 


1 in ii p 


c s q w x y 


k 


1 in n p 


c s q w x y 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 17 


LESSON IX. 




LESSON XIII. 


ab ad ak 


al 


ela bra pra 


eb ed ek 


el 


cle bre pre 


ib id ik 


11 


cli bri pri 


ob ©d ©k 


©1 


cl© br© pr© 


ab ad ak 


til 


clu bra pra 


LESSON X. 




LESSON XIV. 


am an ap 


ar 


fra tra gra 


em en ep 


er 


fre tre gre 


iiii in ip 


ir 


fri tri gri 


©in on op 


or 


f r© tro gr© 


uni un ap 


ar 


fra tra gra 


LESSON XI. 




LESSON XV. 


at ag a? 


az 


dra sta spa 


et eg ev 


ez 


dre ste spe 


it ig iv 


is 


dri sti spi 


ot ©g ©V 


©z 


dr© sto sp© 


at ag ny 


uz 


dra sta spa 


LESSON XII. 




LESSON XVI. 


bla pia 


sia 


spla spra stra 


ble pie 


sle 


sple spre stre 


bli pii 


sli 


spli spri stri 


bl© pi© 


si© 


spl© spr© str© 


bin pin 


sin 


splu spru stra 




2> 


i — • — ' 



18 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION II. 

Easy words of three letters. 
In order to make study interesting to children from the beginning, 
and bring every thing within their comprehension ; pictures, repre- 
senting objects with which they are familiar, are inserted at the begin- 
ning of several sections, to assist the little learner in pronouncing 
words. After calling the letters, by a single glance of the eye he sees 
the picture, and being assisted at the same time both by sight and sound, 
he is enabled to pronounce the word without the least difficulty. In 
this manner he becomes pleased with the exercise, and considers it as 
an amusement, rather than a task. 

LESSON I. 





Fly 




Bug 








Cup 




Cap 




2 

Hat 









f"""" 1 """" 1 " " 


THE 


PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


19 


Note.— 


-After elucidating the 


pronunciation of words 


by pictures, 


at the beg 


inning of each section, 


the pupil will find but little difficulty 


in pronouncing thove 


which follow, as they 


are equally 


simple and 


easy. 
















LEvSSON II. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


map 


bad 


rag 


fig 


bit 


bid 


tap 


had 


sag 


dig 


hit 


did 


nap 


sad 


hag 


rig 


fit 


hid 


sap 


mad 


cag 


wig 


sit 


lid 


hap 


pad 


lag 


jig 


wit 


rid 






LESSON III. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


ban 


let 


den 


tin 


dip 


tug 


can 


net 


men 


sin 


tip 


dug 


pan 


met 


pen 


pin 


iip 


hug 


ran 


pet 


fen 


kin 


rip 


lug 


tan 


set 


hen 


fin 


hip 


P u g 


van 


wet 


wen 


din 


nip 


rug 






LESSON IV. 






5 


5 


5 


5 


2 


2 


mop 


dot 


fob 


bog 


fat 


dun 


sop 


cot 


job 


dog 


rat 


pun 


lop 


hot 


rob 


fog 


mat 


run 


hop 


lot 


lob 


log 


sat 


fun 


fop 


rot 


mob 


cog 


pat 


nun 


pop 


sot 


cob 


j°g 


vat 


tun 






LESSON V. 






2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


bud 


gum 


hut 


tag 


mix 


beg 


cud 


rum 


cut 


wag 


fix 


hem 


mud 


hum 


rut 


nag 


six 


kid 


rib 


dim 


but 


cup 


lax 


web 


nib 


rim 


jut 


rub 


tax 


and 


bib 


him 


nut 


cub 


wax 


end 



20 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION III. 

Easy ivords of four letters. 

Note. — Pictures are used in the spelling sections, not only to assist children 
in pronouncing words, but to give them some definite idea of their meaning : 
and as a continued exercise in spelling often becomes tiresome, the teacher 
should exercise his pupils occasionally in answering questions, which will be 
both profitable and amusing. For example — What does the first picture on 
this page represent? A colt. What is a colt ? A young horse. How many 
legs has he 7 Four. How many ears has he ? Two. What is a colt called 
when full grown? A horse. The questions should be familiar, and adapted 
to the capacity of the learner. 

LESSON I. 




Mule 




Swan 




Wasp 




Cage 







Face 




2 

Hand 




Lamp 




Flag 




Gate 





Ship 




Pump ^ 




■ 


THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


21 






LESSON 


ii. 




The words 


in each section are arranged, under 
figures, in alphabetical order. 


the different 


1 


1 


1 


l 


I 


Bake 


hold 


mire 


puke 


tube 


cake 


home 


5 mode 


rake 


wife 


case 


host 


mope 


rate 


wire 


cave 


June 


most 


ride 


2 


code 


lake 


pace 


ripe 


bran 


cube 


late 


pate 


robe 


bung 


dose 


life 


pave 


rove 


cash 


duke 


like 


pike 


safe 


chin 


fort 


lime 


pipe 


sage 


chip 


game 


lure 


pork 


sake 


chit 


hind 


lute 


past 


tore 


crag 






LESSON ] 

Here is a 


[ii. 

i dog, a cat, 


and a rat. 


Iffi 






The dog 


bit the cat ; 






The cat 


oit the rat ; 






pggjjl 


The rat eat the corn 

LESSON IV. 








2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


Cram 


fish 


grum 


husk 


plug 


crib 


fist 


gush 


king 


rend 


curb 


flat 


gust 


lash 


rich 


dash 


flax 


hang 


left 


rush 


ding 


fled 


hack 


limp 


rust 


dint 


flip 


hast 


lint 


skin 


dish 


fret 


held 


lisp 


shun 


disk 


fund 


hemp 


list 


silk 


drip 


gash 


hint 


lurk 


sing 


drug 


glib 


hunt 


milk 


sled 


dusk 


grin 


hurl 


must 


spin 


fact 


grit 


hurt 


plan 


split 



22 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION IV. 

Easy words of one syllable, in which there are no 



silent letters. 



Blade 

blame 

blind 

bold 

bone 

brace 

brave 

bribe 

bride 

chase 



Grope 

grove 

haste 

hate 

haze 

hone 

hope 

huge 

jole 

jolt 



child 

chime 

chine 

clave 

cone 

cope 

cove 

crane 

crape 

dace 




1 

lace 
lure 
mace 
make 
mate 
mice 
mute 
nice 
note 
page 



LESSON I. 
1 

dare 

date 

dike 

dine 

dire 

dolt 

dote 

drake 

drone 

drove 



l 

fade 
fame 
fate 
fife 
fine 
find 
flake 
flare 
flute 
frame 



l 
gale 
gave 
glade 
glaze 
gold 
grace 
grape 
grave 
graze 
grind 



LESSON II. 

Here is my top ; 
Here is my kite ; 
And here is my ball. 
Now let us go and play. 



LESSON III. 
1 

pine 

plume 

pope 

porch 

pore 

pride 

prime 

prize 

probe 

prone 



l 
rage 
rare 
rive 
rope 
same 
sane 
shade 
shame 
share 
shave 



l 
shine 
slate 
slice 
slope 
smile 
smote 
snake 
snare 
snipe 
sold 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


23 






LESSON IV 






1 


1 


1 


2 


2 


Space 


state 


tone 


blend 


crash 


spade 


stave 


trace 


blush 


crest 


spare 


stone 


trite 


brad 


crimp 


spice 


store 


twice 


brand 


crisp 


spike 


stove 


twine 


brim 


crush 


spine 


swore 


I type 


brisk 


crust 


spire 


take 


vote 


champ 


damp 


spite 


tame 


wake 


chest 


dram 


splice 


tape 


wild 


clash 


drift 


spoke 


taste 


wile 


cleft 


drub 


sport 


tide 


wine 


cling 


flash 


stage 


told 


zone 

LESSON v. 


club 


flesh 






*1W diiil 


The ape has got a nat. 






wmgi 


It is not Luke's hat, 






.•iiiitiiilll 




Is it Dick' 

Oh, no, it 

LESSON VI. 


s hat? 
is my hat 


• 










2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


Flush 


musk 


sham 


stab 


swift 


fresh 


nest 


shed 


stamp 


swing 


glad 


next 


skip 


stand 


tend 


gland 


pang 


slab 


stem 


tent 


grand 


plant 


slim 


step 


text 


grim 


print 


slut 


sting 


trap 


grist 


rash 


smut 


strap 


trust 


land 


rusk 


snag 


strip 


vest 


lump 


sand 


span 


strut 


west 


mend 


sect 


spend 


stun 


wing 


mint 


self 


spur 


stunt 


wish 


much 


send 


spurn 


surf 


zest j 

„ — 1 



If 



24 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION V. 

Easy words of two syllables, accented on thejirsU 

Note. — Figures are placed over the vowels of the accented syllables, 
which show their true sound, as explained in the key to this work ; and one 
figure denotes the sound of the vowels in the accented syllables which are 
placed under it, or which follow in that column, until another figure occurs. 

LESSON I. 




Cam' el 




Li' on 




Par' rot 




Rab' bit 





Ink' stand 



Bot' tie 




Buc' kle 




Cra' die 




Grind' stone 




Can' non 




Lan' tern 




Mor' tar 




Pad' lock 




Pis' tol 



Sad' die 



Ra' zor 



So' fa 




An' vil 




BpSPllIi^v^ 


ZSSuag 



Wag' on 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



25 



Baby 


cri sis 


ba sis 


de cent 


bi as 


de mon 


bo ny 


di er 


bri er* 


di et 


ca per 


fe ver 


ci der 


fe male 


cli ent 


fi nal 


clo ver 


flu ent 


era zy 


flu id 


en er 


fra mer 



LESSON II. 
1 



f u ry 
gi ant 
gravy 
ha ter 
he ro 
hu man 

J ur y 

lady 
la zy 
le gal 
libel 



na vy 
pa per 
pi lot 
po em 
po et 
po ny 
pu ny 
ri der 
ri ot 
ri val 
ro ver 






sha dy 
smo ker 
so ber 
spi cy 
spi der 
ti dy 
to ry 
tra der 
tri al 
tu tor 
va cant 



LESSON III. 

Here is Frank; hear him read. 
His book is on the stand. 
He has a pen in his hand. 
He wears a small black hat ; 
And a pair of new shoes. 

LESSON IV. 

2 2 

after 
al um 
at las 
ban ish 
bit ter 
bui fet 
but ter 
cab in 
can did 
can dy 
car rot 



va ry 
vi brate 
vi per 
vi tal 
vo cal 
wa fer 
wa ger 

2 

ab sent 
at om 
ac tor 



car ry 
civ il 
city 
dif fer 
din ner 
diz zy 
dus ty 
el der 
en vy 
fan cy 
gal Ion 



* In unaccented 
u short : as in bri' 
lun, &c. 



syllables, the vowels are frequently sounded like 
er, ri' ot, gal' Ion, pronounced bri' ur, ri' ut, gal'- 



26 


THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 






LESSON V. 




2 


2 


2 


2 


lad der 


mel on 


prim er 


suf fer 


lat ter 


mem ber 


rap id 


sum mer 


lem on 


mer it 


ren der 


sum mit 


let ter 


mer ry 


riv er 


sup per 


lim ber 


mur der 


sat in 


tern per 


lim it 


nev er 


sig nal 


ten ant 


liv ing 


num ber 


sin ful 


ut ter 


lum ber 


pen man 


sin ner 


ut most 


mad am 


pep per 


sis ter 


vie tim 


mat ter 


pity 


slum ber 


vie tor 


max im 


print er 


spir it 


win ter 








LESSC 


IN VI. 

has a fine 


dog. 




^dfj^-ii 


i 


Frank 








See him run and 


play. 




li' -^38 4kS*_^* 




His dog's name is spot. 




[JSb^SP'^ 


JSJaSgl 


He bai 


rks, but wil 


[ not bite. 












SECTION VI. 


Easy words 


of two syllables, accented 

LESSON I. 


on the second. 


1 


1 


i 


l 


A base 


as sume 


con sume 


de rive 


a bate 


at tire 


con trive 


de vice 


a bode 


be fore 


de base 


de vote 


ad mire 


be hind 


de bate 


di late 


a dore 


be hold 


de cline 


dis pute 


ad vice 


com pare 


de fine 


di vide 


a like 


com pile 


de note 


di vine 


a live 


con dole 


de plore 


en dure 


a lone 


con spire 


de ride 


en gage 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



27 



LESSON II. 



im pute 
in cite 
in cline 
in duce 
in flame 
in sane 
in spire 
in vade 
in voke 
mis take 
pre pare 
pro fane 



2 

as sist 
at tend 
at tract 
be gun 
be held 
be reft 
con sent 
con sist 
con suit 
de feet 
de pend 
de tect 



1 
pro fuse 
pro mote 
pro voke 
re cline 
re duce 
re gale 
re late 
re mind 
re mote 
re pine 
re place 
re ply 



re port 
re vile 
re vive 
re voke 
sa lute 
se cure 
se date 
sub lime 
sup ply 
sup port 
un bind 
un fold 



un like 
un safe 
un told 
up hold 

2 

ab rupt 
ab surd 
a dapt 
ad just 
af flict 
al lot 
an nul 




LESSON III. 

Jane, it is time to get up. 
Here is some corn and oats : 
You must go and feed the hens. 
Do you see that chick on the 
old hen's back ? 



LESSON IV. 



de test 
di gest 
di rect 
dis til 
e mit 
en act 
en camp 
en rich 
e vent . 
ex pend 
fo ment 
im pel 



2 



im print 
in cur 
in feet 
in fest 
in vent 
in vest 
oc cur 
pre vent 
pro test 
re cant 
re fleet 
re fresh 



2 

re lax 
re mit 
ro bust 
sub sist 
sus pend 
un bent 
un curl 
un fit 
un furl 
un hurt 
un just 
un man 



28 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION VII. 

Easy words of three syllables, accented on the first. 




But/ ter fly 




An' te lope 




'Buffalo 




Croc' o dile 




El' e phant 





Pec' ca ry 




Por' cu pine 




King' iish er 




Can' is ter 




Can' die stick 





Cof fee mill 




Cof fee pot 




Fry' ing pan 




Gai' li pot 




Musk' mel on 




Pel' i can Cur' ry comb Par' a sol Kef tie drum 



Pine' ap pie 



Pep' per box 



Pyr' a mid 



Shoe' ham mer 



Spec' ta c\es 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



29 



De cen cy 

de i ty 
di a dem 
di a lect 
fu ner al 
glo ri fy 
li bra ry 
no ti fy 
o pi um 
pa tri ot 
pe ri od 
pi e ty 



LESSON II. 
1 

pi ra cy 
po e try 
pre mi um 
pri ma ry 
pri va cy 
pu ri fy 
pu ri ty 
se ere cy 
su i cide 
va can cy 
vi o late 
vi o lent 



ac ci dent 
ad vo cate 
am pu tate 
an i mal 
an nu al 
ap pe tite 
ar ro gant 
at ti tude 
cat cu late 
cal i co 
can di date 
can ni bal 





BpMIg' 


lira 


|||i§l)Oyrf 


SSI 



LESSON III. 

Here is a poor old man. 
He has but one leg. 
He has no hat on his head. 
The man he met is kind. 
He lives in a large house. 
He will give him some food. 

LESSON IV. 

2 2 2 

can o py del e gate fac ul ty 

cap i tal dep u ty fam i ly 

cap ti vate des o late gen er al 

cav al ry des ti tute grat i tude 

eel e brate dif fi cult im i tate 

cin na mon dig ni ty im pu dent 

clem en cy el e gant in di cate 

cul ti vate el e ment in di gent 

cur ren cy em i grate in dus try 

cus torn cr em u late in fan cy 

dec o rate en mi ty in fan try 



j 

30 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




LESSON V. 




2 2 


2 


in ter est neg li gent 


suf fo cate 


in ti mate pen e trate 


sup pli cate 


jus ti fy pen i tent 


sur ro gate 


lat i tude reg u lar 


ten e ment 


lib er ty reg u late 


tes ta ment 


mer ri ment sat is fy 


trin i ty 


min er al sen a tor 


van i ty 


min is try sen ti ment 


ver i fy 


mul ti tude stim u late 


vin e gar 






LESSON VI. 


mes; he is a good 






mm. 


Here is Ja 




itBitR"" 


boy. His 


aunt gave him a 




^^isfcl 


new book. 








He reads his book with care ; 






and can spell all the hard 






words in it. 




He loves to read, and write 


too. He means 


to be a wise man. 




[I. 


SE 


CTION VI 


Easy words of three syllables , accented on the second. 


LESSON I. 




1 1 


2 


A bate ment il le gal 


a ban don 


al lure ment in duce ment 


ac cus torn 


a maze ment oc to ber 


a mend ment 


ar ri val po ma turn 


ap par el 


a tone ment re vi val 


ap pen dix 


com pi ler spec ta tor 


as ses sor 


con fine ment tes ta tor 


as sis tant 


ere a tor tes ta trix 


be wil der 


de co rum tri bu nal 


col lee tor 


j en gra ver un grate ful 


con tern plate 



1 


THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 31 






LESSON II. 




2 


2 


2 


de can ter 


fore tel ler 


pa ren tal 


de cern ber 


in clem ent 


re dun dant 


de crep it 


in cul cate 


re fresh merit 


de liv er 


in cum bent 


re mem ber 


de vel op 


in hab it 


re plen ish 


di min ish 


in her it 


sep tern ber 


dis tern per 


in sip id 


sur ren der 


em bel ish 


in tes tate 


to bac co 


en cum ber 


ma lig nant 


um brel la 


en ven om 


no vem ber 

LESSON III. 


un civ il 








James, may 


I take your top ? 




&&// A - - ^ 






life c 1 


X 


Yes, Charles, and I will show 




W m$\. ^0 




you how 


to spin it. 




tJLWifa® Jw 




James has 


been so kind, I 




m^mU4^M 


iB 


will lend him my ball. 
Here, James, will you have 


w[^m^^Sr 




P* **F taW^2^SK30"gj 




my ball U 


3 play with? 






SI 




:ction IX 


Easy words of three syllables, accented on the third. 




LESSON I. 




l 


1 


2 


Dis com mode 


o ver prize 


dis af feet 


im ma ture 


o ver rate 


dis an nul 


in com plete 


o ver take 


dis re spect 


in ter cede 


per se vere 


in cor rect 


in ter line 


re as sume 


in di rect 


in tro duce 


re u nite 


in ter rupt 


lem on ade 


su per fine 


in ter sect 


mis ap ply 


su per sede 


o ver turn 


mis be have 

i 


un der go 


re ad mit 



32 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION X. 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the first. 

LESSON I. 

2 2 

ad mi ral ty 
ar ro gant ly 
del i ca cy 
dif fi cul ty 
em i nent ly 
ep i lep sy 
ev i dent ly 
feb ru a ry 
gen er al ly 
ig no rant ly 

LESSON II. 

Here is Miss Jane — she has 
got a line new doll. May I 
take your doll, Miss Jane ? 

O yes, my dear Ann, you 
may take it, and play with it. 

Jane is a good girl, to let Ann 
play with her new doll. 



Ju di ca ture 
lu mi na ry 
mo men ta ry 
nu mer al ly 
nu mer a ry 
nu mer a tor 
vi o la tor 



ac cu ra cy 
ac cu rate ly 



in ti ma cy 
in tri ca cy 
in tri cate ly 
lit er al ly 
lit er a ry 
lit er a ture 
mil i ta ry 
min er al ist 
prin ci pal ly 
sec re ta ry 




SECTION XL 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the second. 

LESSON I. 
1 1 

cor po re al 
ere du li ty 
e lu ci date 
en co mi um 



Ac cu mu late 

a e ri al 

al le vi ate 

an nu i ty 

com mu ni cant fu tu ri ty 

corn mu ni cate his to ri an 

com mu ni ty im pi e ty 

con nu bi al im pu ni ty 



im pu n ty 
li bra ri an 
ma tu ri ty 
me mo ri al 
pro pri e ty 
so bri e ty 
so ci e ty 
va ri e ty 



te^amat^TiTn-iHKffrSSi^i 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



33 



ar tic u late 
be nev o lent 
cap tiv i ty 
ce leb ri ty 
ci vil i ty 
con sid er ate 
con spir a cy 
de bil i ty 
de cliv i ty 
de prav i ty 
di am e ter 
di vin i ty 
e pis co pal 
e rad i cate 



e vac u ate 
ex trem i ty 
fa tal i ty 
fer til i ty 
fi del i ty 
for mal i ty 
fru gal i ty 
gen til i ty 
hos til i ty 
hu man i ty 
hu mil i ty 
i den ti ty 
il lit er ate 
im ped i ment 

LESSON II. 



in fin i ty 
in san i ty 
in vig o rate 
ir reg u !ar 
mag nif i cent 
me rid i an 
mo ral i ty 
mor tal i ty 
ne ces si ty 
om nip o tent 
par tic u lar 
po et i cal 
po lit i cal 
pos ter i ty 




Jane, you may get the pail, 
and go with me to milk the 
cow. 

The cow is in the pond ; 
how will you get to her ? will 
you have a boat ? 
O no, she sees us, and will come to meet us 
what a good cow she is ! 



I 



SECTION XII. 

Easy words of four syllables, accented on the third 

1 2 2 

An te ce dent ben e fac tor in di rect ly 
ap pa ra tus det ri men tal in stru men tal 
dis in her it mal e fac tor 
dis re spect ful mem o randum 
fun da men tal mon u men tal 
in de pen dent or na men tal 



corn men tator 
me di a tor 
mod er a tor 
sem i co Ion 



34 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOX. 




SECTION XIV. 

Easy lessons of one syllable, with pictures.* 

The Sun. 

Come here, Charles, and 
look at the sun. It is in the 
west. In a short time it will 
set. We can look at the 
sun now, for it is not so 
bright as it was at noon. 
See how fine the clouds are ! The sun goes 
down quite fast. Now we can see but half of 
it. The hills hide it from our view. 

The Moon. 

Now turn your face to the 
east. What is it that shines 
so bright ? It is the moon. 
It is round and large. We 
can look at the moon, for it is 
not so bright as to hurt our 
eyes. 

The moon shines to give us light in the night, 
when the sun is out of sight. 

The Stars. 

Now let us view the stars. 
Those stars are large worlds: 
but they are so far off that 
they look quite small. We 
must not stay out long in the 
damp air; if we do, we shall 
take cold, and be sick. 





* Pictures are insened in many of the reading lessons, which ren- 
der them not only instructive, but interesting and amusing to children. 
They facilitate the acquisition of correct ideas, by addressing in- 
struction to the eye, as well as the ear. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



35 



HI 


?■) ;;f. 

Ill 


1BIH 

i^Hllii! 



School Boys. 

Here are two good boys. 

They are at school. They 

can read, and spell, and 

write : but this is not all ; 

when they are at home, they 

mind all that is said to them, 

and do as they are bid. 

They like to go to school, and learn, that 

when they grow to be men, they may be wise 

and good. 

School Girls. 

Do you see these two fine 
girls? They can read, and 
spell, and sew. When they 
see folks that are poor, or 
old, or lame, they do not 
laugh at them, nor mock 

them ; but they are kind, and glad when they 

can help them, or do them good. 




SECTION XV. 

Words of one syllable. 

The preceding spelling sections are composed of easy and familiar 
words, in which the vowels have their long or short sound ; but in 
this, and the following sections, the words are of more difficult or- 
thography and pronunciation, including those which contain silent 
letters. 



LESSON I. 



Babe 

bait 

baize 

bead 

beam 



beast 

beef 

bleach 

bleed 

blow 



1 
boat 
brain 
brief 
bright 
brine 



l 
chair 
cheap 
cheek 
cheese 
claim 



36 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




1 


1 


l 


l 


l 


clean 


gAost 


own 


slain 


swain * 


cloak 


gleam 


paint 


sleep 


swale 


coach 


glow 


pay 


sleeve 


sweet 


comft 


goat 


pea 


smear 


tea 


cream 


gowrd 


peach 


snail 


teach 


crow 


grain 


play 


sneak 


tease 


day 


green 


plea 


sneer 


tight 


deem 


grow 


plead 


sneeze 


toad 


deep 


heat 


preach 


snore 


toast 


door 


hoarse 


priest 


snow 


train 


drake 


juice 


prose 


soap 


trait 


dream 


keep 


quite 


source 


treat 


each 


knee 


reach 


speak 


tree 


ear 


knife 


ream 


spear 


trace 


east 


lay 


reap 


speech 


vagwe 


eat 


league 


rear 


speed 


veal 


feast 


lean 


roam 


spleen 


vogwe 


feed 


least 


roar 


sport 


weave 


feel 


light 


roast 


spray 


weed 


field 


loaf 


rogue 


square 


weep 


fiend 


may 


saint 


squeal 


wise 


fight 


meal 


screak 


stain 


year 


flail 


meek 


screen 


stays 


zeal 


fleece 


nail 


scroll 


steam 


2 


fiight 


near 


seat 


steed 


back 


floor 


neat 


seed 


steer 


bilge 


flow 


niece 


sheaf 


strain 


black 


frail 


nigh 


sheep 


strange 


bless 


free 


oak 


shield 


stray 


bliss 


fri^-At 


oats 


show 


stream 


brick 


gain 


ode 


shrine 


street 


buck 


gawge 


old 


siege 


stroll 


bmld 

j 





THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


37 


2 


2 


2 


2 


2 


bulge 


helve 


pence 


sill 


swerve 


buzz 


hence 


perch 


singe 


swi/ch 


chess 


herb 


phlegm 


sketch 


tack 


church 


hill 


pifch 


skiff 


teint 


crack 


hinge 


plaid 


slack 


tell 


cringe 


hiss 


plump 


sling 


tempt 


curse 


hull 


prince 


sna/ch 


tense 


curve 


kick 


prism 


snuff 


term 


dead 


kiss 


puff 


spasm 


tick 


de&t 


lack 


pulse 


speck 


tinge 


deck 


lapse 


purr 


spell 


touch 


dense 


la/ch 


purse 


spill 


tough 


duck 


learn 


quack 


spread 


tread 


dum& 


less 


quick 


spring 


truss 


dunce 


luck 


quill 


squint 


tuft 


dwell 


lull 


quince 


stack 


twin 


earn 


lungs 


realm 


stag 


twinge 


e gg 


ma/ch 


rick 


stead 


urge 


elm 


mess 


rill 


stern 


vent 


fell 


midst 


rinse 


stick 


verb 


fence 


mill 


schism 


stiff 


verse 


flash 


miss 


scourge 


stilts 


well 


flint 


muff 


scratch 


sti/ch 


wick 


fn'end 


"neck 


sculk 


stress 


will 


fringe 


nerve 


scull 


stretch 


wren 


glimpse 


numft 


serve 


struck 


wrist 


gnash 


nurse 


shall 


stub 


writ 


gnat 


nymph 


shell 


stud 


yerk 


g?/ess 


pack 


shrill 


stuff 


young 


tiack 


pa/ch 


shrub 


such 


3 


ha/ch 


pearl 


sick 


suds 


bought 


have 


peck 


sieve 


sweat 


brawl 



38 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 





3 

brought 


3 

short 


4 

hark 


5 

loll 


5 

wand 


caught 


small 


harm 


long 


wash 


caw 


sought 


lard 


mock 


wa/ch 


cha/k 


squall 


lark 


mosqwe 


wrong 


claw 


sta/k 


^gh 


nofch 


g 


corn 


stall 


mark 


plod 


bloom 


corpse 


stork 


parse 


plot 


boom 


dawn 


storm 


psalm 


pomp 


boon 


dwarf 


straw 


scar 


pond 


boot 


fall 


tall 


shark 


prompt 


brood 


false 


taught 


sharp 


prong 


broom 


fault 


torch 


snarl 


prop 


cool 


fork 


vault 


spark 


rock 


coop 


fot^At 


war 


starch 


romp 


doom 


fraud 


warm 


starve 


shop 


droop 


gauze 


warn 


yard 


shot 


food 


gnaw 


wrought 


5 


slop 


fool 


haw 


4 


block 


sock 


gloom 


hawk 


arms 


blo/ch 


solve 


goose 

groom 

groove 


horn 


bard 


bond 


song 


horse 


barge 


bo/ch 


spot 


law 


barn 


chop 


squab 


growp 


lord 


ca/f 


clock 


squash 


hoof 


morn 


carve 


crock 


squat 


hoot 


paw 


charge 


dock 


stock 


loon 


pawn 


charm 


doll 


strong 


loop 


quart 


dark 


drop 


swab 


loose 


salt 


dart 


flock 


swamp 


lose 


sauce 


farce 


flop 


swop 


mood 


saw 


farm 


fond 


tongs 


moon 


scald 


ha/f 


frock 


trot 


moor 


scorn 
U= 


hard 


from 


wan 


moose 



.... 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


39 


6 


6 


8 


oi 


on 


noon 


troop 


bird 


choice 


pound 


pool 


who 


blood 


coin 


proud 


poor 


whom 


come 


join 


round 


proof 


whoop 


dirt 


joint 


trout 


prove 


whose 


first 


voice 


ow 


rood 


7 


flood 


oy 


brow 


roof 


bush 


glove 


cloy 


brown 


room 


cowld 


her 


j°y 


clown 


scoop 


foot 


love 


on 


cow 


shoot 


full 


word 


bound 


crowd 


sloop 


good 


world 


cloud 


crown 


soon 


goods 


worm 


count 


down 


so?*p 


pull 


9 


dou&t 


drown 


spool 


push 


freight 


ground 


how- 


spoon 


puss 


skein 


house 


mow 


stool 


should 


10 


louse 


now 


stoop 


stood 


piqwe 


mouse 


town 


tom6 


wool 


shire 


ounce 


vow 






LESSON II. 




Words 


in which th has its sharp sound ; as 


in Oiin. 


1 


2 


2 


3 


5 


Both 


breadth 


strength 


north 


throng 


faith 


breath 


theft 


swath 


6 


growth 


death 


thick 


thaw 


tooth 


oath 


depth 


thin 


thorn 


8 


sheath 


earth 


thing 


thought 


doth 


teeth 


filth 


thread 


thrall 


month 


theme 


hath 


threat 


thwart 


thirst 


thief 


health 


thum& 


warmth 


worth 


thrive 


length 


thump 


5 


011 


throat 


pith 


wealth 


thong 


south 


throw 


smith 


width 


throb 


mouth 



40 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Words in which th has its flat sound ; as in them. 



Breathe 

clothe 

lathe 

loathe 

seeth 



1 

swathe 
these 
thine 
those 
though 



1 

thy 
tithe 



2 

them 

then 

thence 

this 

thus 



6 

booth 

smooth 

sooth 



9 

they 



2 

than 
that 

LESSON III. 

In the remaining part of this section, and part of the spell 
ing sections which follow, two or more words have the same, 
or a similar meaning ; (being part of the index of Crabb 1 s 
Synonymes ; ) and are placed opposite each other in such a 
manner that the second column defines the first, and the first 
defines the second. Some words have more than one mean- 
ing ; in such cases the primary sense only, is given. [For 
equivocal words with different meanings, see page 165.] 

Teachers who are opposed to defining one word by another 
single word, can use these, the same as other lessons, for spell- 
ing only. 



1 

Coast 
cold 
deed 
dough 
drive 
flame 
fold 
ford 
gaze 
globe 
grief 
grieve 
heal 
heap 
heed 
lade 
main 



a 



to 
a 
a 
to 
to 



to 
to 
a 
to 
to 



shore 

bleak 

feat 

paste 

force 

blaze 

plait 

wade 

stare 

sphere 

woe 

mowrn 

cure 

pile 

mind 

load 

chief 



moan 

quote 

race 

rise 

row 

scold 

shake 

shriek 

sight 

slide 

smoke 

soak 

wait 

smite 

streak 

sway 

trade 



to 

to 

a 

to 

a 

to 

to 

to 

a 

to 

to 
to 
to 
a 
to 
to 



l 

wail 
cite 
tribe 
soar 
tier 
chide 
quake 
screech 
view 
glide 
fume 
steep 
stay 
strike 
stripe 
wield 
deal 

















THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


41 


1 
yield 
1 


to 


l 
cede 

2 


1 

( rate 
^ toll 


a 


2 

tax 


azd 


to 


help 


rave 


to 


rant 


beak 
bite 


a 
to 


bill 
&nap 


right 
scream 


to 


just 

yell 

burn 


bloat 


to 


swell 


sear 


to 


boast 


to 


brag 


seek 


to 


search 


brake 


a 


fern 


sezze 


to 


cafch 


breach 


a 


gap 


shear 


to 


clip 


change 


to 


turn 


size 


_ 


bulk 


cheat 


to 


trick 


slat/ 


to 


kill 


cleave 


to 


split 


slow 


_ 


dull 


close 


to 


shut 








close 






squeeze 


to 


press 


■ 


snug 


steal 


to 


filch 


crime 


- 


gwilt 


strike 


to 


rap 


dive 
dupe 


to 
to 


plunge 
gull 


sweep 
tease 


to 
to 


brush 
vex 


ease 


- 


rest 


torn 


was 


rent 


fear 


- 


dread 


veer 


to 


turn 


float 


to 


swim 


wage 


to 


bet 


gripe 
hide 


to 
a 


pinch 
skin 


wipe 
i 


to 


rub 

3 


horde 


a 


clan 


bile 


_ 


gall 


joke 


a 


jest 


boat 


a 


yawl 


leap 


to 


jump 


creep 


to 


crawl 


lease 


to 


rent 


lame 


. 


halt 


leave 


to 


quit 


name 


to 


call 


loan 


to 


lend 


need 


— 


want 


mild 


- 


bland 


price 


- 


cost 


peace 


- 


rest 


shape 


a 


form 


plagae 


a 


pest 


speak 


to 


ta/k 


plight 


a 


pledge 


wide 


„ 


broad 


poll 


the 


head 


l 




4 


prate 


to 


chat 


blight 


to 


blast 



42 THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


1 4 


2 2 


crave to ask 


melt to smelt 


great - large 


mince to hash 


piece a part 


sell to vend 


rind - bark 


smell - sent 


1 5 


skill - &nack 


cease to stop 


sup to sip 
tusk a fang 
twig a sprig 
verge a brink 


queer - odd 


sigh to sob 


swine a hog 

1 6 


court to woo 
faint to swoon 

1 ou 

wa.y a route 

2 2 

bad - ill 


2 4 

big - large 
dress a garb 


fling to cast 


rough - harsh 


still - ca/m 


belt a sash 


2 5 


cleanse /o purge 
curb to check 


blur a blot 
mist a fog 


2 2 


rap to &nock 


dull - blunt 


turf a sod 


Questions upon the 


j preceding section. 


Teachers should frequently ex 


ercise their pupils in answenng 


questions upon the sounds of the 1< 


3tters, until they acquire a correct 


knowledge of the use of the table r 


epresenting the different sounds o( 


the vowels. 




What sound has a in babe ? 


What sound has o in corn? 


What sound has e in beam ! 


What sound has a in calf? 


What letter is silent in beam ? 


Which letter is silent] 


What sound has i in wise ? 


What sound has a in wan? 


What sound has s in wise ? 


What sound has o in move ? 


Why do you sound it like z ? 


What sound has oo in foot ? 


What sound has o in blow ? 


What sound has u in bush ? 


Which letter is silent 1 


What sound has i in bird? 


What s^und has a in back? 


What sound has o in come ? 


What sound has u in dunce ? 


What sound has e in they? 


What sound has c in dunce ? 


What sound has i in shire ? 


Which letter is silent? 


What sound has gh in laugh? 


What sound has i m hill ? 


What sound has th in both ? 


What sound has a mfall? 


What sound has th in these ? 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



43 




SECTION XVI. 

Easy reading lessons of one syllable. 

The Bear. 

Come here, Frank, and tell 
me what beast this is. It is 
a bear. Some bears are 
black ; but far to the north, 
where it is cold, they are 
white. They have large 

teeth, and sharp claws ; and are strong and fierce. 
Bears live in the woods, and in dens. They 

eat roots, nuts, corn and flesh. Some folks 

make use of their flesh for food. 

The Swan. 

We next come to the 

swan ; which is a large fowl 

of the goose kind. It has a 

long neck, short legs, and is 

as white as snow. Its food is 

the same as that of the goose. 

Swans make their nests of sticks and grass. 

Their eggs are white and large ; and they hatch 

them in two months. The young swans are gray. 

The Owl. 

Look here, Charles, see 

this owl ! He has a mouse 

in his bill. Owls eat mice, 

and small birds. They do 

^ not fly much by day, they see 

tammOim best in the night. 
Owls are large birds, and live in the woods. 
They have large eyes, and a head like a cat. 





44 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

Familiar Lessons in words of one syllable. 

Charles, where does the rain come from? 
Rain comes from the clouds. If it did not rain, 
wheat, and rye, and corn would not grow ; and 
then we should have no bread. 

If it did not rain, the grass would not grow, 
and the cows would give us no milk. Cows eat 
grass, and that makes them give milk. 

Let us take a walk in the fields, and see the 
cows and calves, the sheep and lambs, the birds 
and trees. 

Do not walk on the grass ; it is high, and quite 
wet. Walk in this smooth path. 

Here is a field of wheat. It will soon be ripe. 
Flour is made of wheat. Bread is made of flour. 

What time of day is it? It is noon. Where 
is the sun at noon ? In the south. Turn your 
face, and look at it. 

When it is noon, and you look at the sun, 
your face is to the south, your back to the north, 
your left hand to the east, and your right hand 
to the west. 

Where does the sunrise? In the east. Where 
does it set? In the west. Far to the north it is 
cold ; but to the south it is warm. 

The wind blows. Which way does it blow ? 
It blows from the north. The north wind is cold ; 
the south wind is warm : the east wind will bring 
a storm of rain. 

Charles, what were eyes made for ? To see 
with ; ears to hear with ; the tongue to talk with ; 
the nose to smell with, and legs to walk with. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



45 



SECTION XVII. 

Words of two syllables, accented on the first. 



A corn 
a gent 
a pril 
bane fill 
bea ver 
beau ty 
be som 
bible 
bold ness 
by word 
ca dence 
clear ness 
coz/rt ship 
dai ly 

dai ry 
daz sy 
de ism 
de ist 
dole fill 
drea ry 
ea gle 
ea sy 
e qual 
fa ble 
fa mous 
fra grant 
fri day 



LESSON I. 

1 



grace ful 
great ness 
gnev ous 
hind most 
hy men 
le gion 
li cense 
light ning 
like wise 
lone some 
mi ser 
mo tion* 
mo tive 
mourn er 

na tion 
na tive 
nee die 
nee dy 
no ble 
no tice 
no tion 
nui sance 
pain ful 
pa rent 
pave ment 
pay ment 
peace ful 



pew ter 
pi ous 
poul tice 
poul try 
preach er 
pro noun 
yr{ ment 
re gion 
re tail 
safe ty 
sai lor 
sci ence 
se quel 
showl der 

si lence 
si lent 
sta ble 
sta tion 
stee pie 
stew ard 
ta ble 
teach er 
trai tor 
treat ment 
trea ty 
tri umph 
tues day 



wea ry 
wri ter 

2 

ab sence 
ac tion 
ac tive 
ad verb 
am bush 
an nals 
an swer 
ar row 
bap tism 
bash ful 
bat tie 

bel low 
bis cmt 
bish op 
blem ish 
break fast 
brit tie 
bzald ing 
bun die 
can die 
cap tain 
cap tive 
cat tie 
cher ry 



* The syllables tion, and sion, are pronounced like shun, through- 
out the work, unless otherwise denned. 



46 


THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK 




2 


2 


2 


2 


cred it 


hem lock 


quin sy 


vil lain 


crip pie 


her aid 


read y 


weap on 


crum ble 


hus band 


rel ish 


wed ding 


cur tain 


ill ness 


rep tile 


wednes day 


dam sel 


im pulse 


rid die 


wel come 


daz zle 


in come 


ruffle 


wil low 


debt or 


in sect 


sa/m on 


win dow 


del uge 


in ward 


scan dal 


wish ful 


die tion 


jour nal 


scis SOYS 


yel low 


dim pie 


jus tice 


sec ond 


zeal ous 


dis tance 


kin dred 


sec tion 


3 


dis trict 


king dom 


self ish 


al ways 


dwel ling 


land lord 


sen ate 


auc tion 


ef fort 


lit tie 


sen tence 


au tu nm 


el bow 


mal ice 


shad ow 


aw ful 


em pire 


man sion 


shep Aerd 


bor der 


en trance 


mead ow 


shil ling 


cau tion 


es sence 


mel low 


sim pie 


daug-A ter 


fain ine 


men tion 


snuf fers 


false hood 


fid die 


mid mght 


spar row; 


for feit 


tig ure 


mus lin 


stum ble 


for mer 


fin ish 


nar vow 


sun day 


hor net 


frac tion 


nim ble 


syn tax 


law yer 


fnend ship 


nut meg 


sys tern 


mor tal 


fur row 


par ish 


tal low 


mor tise 


gen tie 


pen sion 


tav ern 


or chard 


grum ble 


per ish 


tern pest 


or phan 


gum ea 


pil grim 


tern pie 


quar ter 


han die 


pleas ant 


tim ber 


scorn ful 


har row 


pres ence 


tres pass 


war ble 


heav y 


pub lish 


turn pike 


4 


heif er 


pun ish 


up rig At 


ar gue 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



47 



bar gain 
bar ter 
car nal 
char coal 
far mer 
gar ment 
har ness 
har vest 
lawgh ter 
mar gin 
part ner 
par ty 
tar nish 
var nish 

5 

bios som 
bor row 
bot torn 
cod fish 
cof fee 
coffin 
col umn 
com ma 
com merce 
com mon 



5 

con sul 
con text 
cop per 
doc tor 
doc trine 
dol lar 
fol low 
folly 
for est 
gos pel 
Xon est 
hos tile 
mod ern 
mor al 
mor row 
non sense 
nos tril 
nos trum 
nov ice 
of fice 
pom pous 
pot ash 
prob lem 
prop er 
pros pect 



prov mce 
sol emn 
sol id 
sor row 
swal ]ow 
tor rent 
war rant 

6 

bo som 
move ment 
spoon ful 

7 

bul lock 
ful ness 
pud ding 
pul pit 
worn an 

8 

com fort 
com pass 
cov er 
gov ern 
love ly 
lov er 
mon day 



8 

ov en 
wor ship 

oy 

boy ish 
joy ful 
loy al 
roy al 
voy age 

on 

boun ty 
coun ty 
doufet ful 
moun tain 
out rage 

ow 

bow er 
cow ard 
dow er 
dow ry 
drow sy 
pow der 
pow er 
show er 
tow er 
town ship 



LESSON II. 

The words in the remaining part of this section, are synony- 
mous ; in which the second column defines the first, and the 
first the second. 



Bale ful 
ho ly 
fu tile 
i ris 



l 



the 



wo ful 
sa cred 
use less 
rain bow 



2 



la den 
pe tre 
pri vate 
pu pil 



load ed 
ni tre 
se cret 
stu dent 



48 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



to 
a 
to 
a 



sole ly 

weak ly 
1 

an gel 
bee tie 
care less 
dan ger 
e ven 
fa tal 
fear ful 
has* en 
jo ker 
li brate 
like ness 
load stone a 
mean ing - 
mou\ dy - 



pee vish 

peo pie 

pli ant 

pre cept a 
qui et 
rare ly 
ro mance a 
shi ning - 
show y 
stu pid 
to ken 
to per 
tu mult 
ty rant 



1 
mere ly 
fee ble 

2 

cher ub 
mal let 
reck less 
per il 
lev el 
dead ly 
tim id 
hur ry 
jest er 
bal ance 
sem blance 
mag net 
pur port 
mus ty 

tes ty ) 
fret ful \ 
per sons 
flex ile ) 
sup pie \ 
les son 
tran quil 
sel dom 
fie tion 
ful gent 
splen did 
dump ish 
symp torn 
drunk ard 
bus t\e 
des pot 



l 
pri or 
fre quent 

l 
great er 
la ding 

l 
sci ence 
re cent 

2 

bab ble 

bal lot 
cen tre 
clat ter 
em blem 
er rand 
flick er 

fash ion 
glit ter 
ham let 
in jure 
in stant 
jab ber 
jun to 
lug gage 
mat ter 
mel ter 
mut ter 
nour ish 
pes ter 
pil lage 
prac tice 
rel ict 



3 

- for mer 

- oft en 

4 

- lar ger 

- car go 

5 

- know\ edge 

- mod ern 

2 

to gab ble ) 

to prat tie £ 

a tick et 

the mid die 

to rat tie 

a sym bol 

a mes sage 

to flut ter 



a 

to 

a 

to 

a 

to 



a 

to 

to 

to 

to 

a 

a 



hab it 
glisf en 
vil lage 
dam age 
mo ment 
chat ter 
fac tion 
bag gage 
sub stance 
smel ter 
mum ble 
cher ish 
troub le 
plun der 
cus torn 
wid ow 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



49 



rub bish 


- 


fragments 


rud dy 


- 


red dish 


shac kle 


to 


fet ter 


sin ew 


a 


ten don 


spec tre 


a 


phan torn 


stut ter 


to 


stam mer 


tarn per 


to 


med die 


trav el 


a 


jour ney 


tun nel 


a 


fun nel 


wed lock 


- 


mar riage 


2 

chap let 


a 


4 

gar land 


cun ning 


- 


craft y 


skil ful 


- 


art ful 


sul ly 


to 


tar nish 


2 

ad age 


a 


5 

prov erb 


brig and 


a 


rob ber 


bur nish 


to 


pol ish 


cav ern 


a 


grot to 


dan dy 


a 


cox comb 


dusk y 


- 


som bre 


-flour ish 


to 


pros per 


lus ty 


- 


stock y 


man ners 


. 


mor als 



to 
to 
to 



a 
to 



2 

ram b\e 
tat tie 
wel ter 

2 

dis mal 
silly 

2 

bat tie 
shel ter 

2 

ven om 

2 

ras cal 

2 

das tard 

3 

gau dy - 

3 

slau^A ter - 
bor der a 

4 

mar vel to 



a 



con flict 
of fer 



a 
to 



bios som a 



wan der 
gos sip 
wal low 

6 

gloom y 
fool ish 

8 

com bat 
cov er 

oi 

poi son 

ou 

scoun drel 

ow 

cow ard 

3 

taw dry 

4 

car nage 
mar gin 

8 

won der 

5 

con test 
prof fer 

ow 

flow er 



Questions upon the 
What sound has a in a-corn ? 
By what figure is it governed 7 
What letter is silent in dai-ly ? 
How are the silent letters printed 1 
What sound has e in cred-it 1 
What figure governs it ] 
What sound has y in syn-tax 1 
What figure governs it 1 
What sound has a in wa-ter 1 
What figure governs it? 



preceding section. 
What sound has a in far-mer? 
By what figure is it governed ? 
What sound has o in nov-el 1 
By what figure is it governed ? 
What sound has oo in fool-ish ? 
By what figure is it governed ? 
What sound has o in cov-er ? 
What figure governs it ? 
What letter is silent in hon-est ? 
What sound has s in drowsy ? 



50 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XVIII. 

Easy and instructive Reading Lessons. 

Here is the picture of some school-boys : 
four of them are standing up to spell, three 
more are coming to spell with them, and three 
others, who have just been punished for their 
bad conduct, are going to their seats; count 
them, and tell how many there are in all. 

One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. 




You must now learn the figures that represent 
these numbers. Here is the picture of some 
apples, with figures placed under them. By 
counting the apples, you will know the figures. 
You must count them as you did the school- 
boys. Now learn the figures by counting the 
apples. 



fa jjl fjlfll 



12 345 6789 10 

Can you tell what use is made of apples ? 
Apples are a very valuable fruit ; and are used 
in various ways. When they are ripe, they are 
fit to eat. Some are made into sauce, pies, 
and puddings : many of them are used for 
making cider. 

There are various kinds of apples ; some are 
red, some are green, and others yellow : some 
are sweet, and some sour. The tree on which 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



51 




they grow, is called an apple-tree, Here is a 
picture of it. 

By looking at this pic- 
ture, you will perceive that 
the apple-tree consists of 
roots, trunk, branches, 
leaves and fruit. 

The roots are the parts 
which grow in the ground, 
and support the tree. The 
part between the branches and the ground is 
called the trunk, or body. The branches are 
those parts which shoot out from the trunk, 
upon which the leaves and fruit grow. 

When it is spring, the tree puts forth leaves 
and blossoms, and the air is perfumed with a 
sweet smell. 

The blossoms do not remain long upon the 
tree; they soon fall off: then the small apples 
appear. At first they are not larger than a pea ; 
but they grow bigger every day, till the^ are full 
grown : then they become ripe, and are fit for 
use. Many of these tree§ together, are called 
an orchard. 



SECTION XIX. 

Words of two syllables j accented on the second. 

LESSON I. 
Ill 1 

A buse af ford ar range bap tize 

ac cuse a muse ar rive be Kef 

a cute ap peal as cribe be Keve 

ad vise a rise as sig-n be stow 



52 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



be tween 
be tray 
com plain 
com plaint 
com pose 
com plete 
con ceive 
con elude 
de cay 
de ceit 
de ceive 
de cree 
de light 
de tain 
dis course 
dis play 
en close 

en dear 
ex change 
ex plain 
ex plore 
ex pose 
for sake 
im peach 
im pure 
in deed 
per spire 
pre vail 
pro ceed 
re deem 
re lease 
re lief 
re lieve 



re pneve 
re sign 
re vise 
se vere 
sin cere 
sue ceed 
trus tee 

2 
a byss 
a midst 
at tempt 
commence 
con denm 
con fess 
con struct 
con tempt 
de fence 

e clipse 
e quip 
ex pense 
ex press 
ga zette 
im mense 
im press 
in de&t 
in dulge 
in flict 
in fringe 
in spect 
in stead 
in struct 
of fence 
op press 



per haps 
per sist 
re sent 
re sist 
re spect 
re venge 
trans act 
un less 
un well 

3 

ab hor 
a dorn 
be cause 
de fraud 
de form 
in form 
re ward 

un taught 

4 

a larm 
de part 
em ba/m 
em bark 
en large 
mam ma 
pa pa 
re mark 

5 

a dopt 
be long 
for got 
re solve 
re volve 



5 

un lock 
up on 

6 

ap prove 
bal loon 
be hoove 
im prove 
sur tout 

8 

a bove 
a mong 
be come 
un done 

9 

con xey 
o bey 
sur \ey 

10 

ca price 
fa tigue 
in trigwe 
po lice 

oi 

ap point 
a void 
en join 
ex ploit 

on 

a bound 
ac count 
a mount 
a round 
de vour 
de vout 















THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


53 


! 

1 




LESSON II. 




Synonymous i 


>vords ; in which the second column defines , 


the first, and the first the second. 




1 

A bide 


to 


re main 


1 

ac cede to 


2 

con sent 


ab stain 


to 


re frain 


a gree to 


con cur 


ac quire 


to 


at tain 


as sail to 


at tack 


as pire 


to 


de sire 


be moan to 


la ment 


be reave 
com bine 


to 
to 


de prive 
u nite 


j to 
con cede . 
to 


as sent ) 
ad mit £ 




to 


con tain ) 


con fuse to 


a bash 


com prise 


to 


in elude £ 


con sign to 


com mit 


con ceal 


to 


se crete 


con vene to 


col lect 


con trive 


to 


de vise 


de prave to 


cor rupt 


de base 


to 


de grade 


de spise to 


con temn 


de cease 


to 


ex pire 


dis close to 


di vulge 


de lude 


to 


be guile 


dis please to 


of fend 


de mean 


to 


be have 


en force to 


com pel 


ef face 


to 


de face 


ex ceed to 


ex eel 


e lude 
en croach 


to 
to 


e vade 
in trude 


foreshow , 
to 


fore tell ) 
pre diet \ 


en tice 


to 


al lure 


im pede to 


ob struct 




to 


beseech ) 


in crease to 


aug ment 
re quest 


en treat 


to 


im plore £ 


in vite to 


gen teel 


- 


po lite 


op pose to 


ob ject 


pol lute 


to 


de file 


per suade to 


con vince 


por tray 


to 


de scribe 


post pone to 


ad journ 


pre elude 


to 


ex elude 


re ceive to 


ac cept 


pre sume 


to 


sup pose 


re fuse to 


re ject 


pro claim 


to 


de clare 


re pay to 


re fund 


pro cure 


to 


ob tain 


re store to 


re turn 


re cede 


to 


re treat 


sur vive to 


out live 


re cite 


to 


re peat 


l 


6 


re trieve 


to 


re gain 


re buke to 


re prove 



54 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 



1 6 

re fute to dis prove 

2 2 

an nex to af fix 
con dense to com press 
de duct to sub tract 

to 

to 



de fend 
dis turb 



e lect 
ex pel 
o mit 
re but 



pro tect 
mo lest 
to perplex 
to se lect 
e ject 
neg lect 
re pel 



to 
to 
to 



to 



2 

re pent 
re suit 
sue cum6 to 
sus pect to 

t 2 

ad judge to 
a mend to 
at tack 

2 

re spect 

2 

ad dress 
re bel 



an 



to 



2 

re gret 
ef feet 
sub mit 
mis trust 

3 

a ward 
re form 
as sault 

4 

re gard 

5 

ac cost 
re volt 



LESSON III. 

The following words, which belong to this and the prece- 
ding section, have the accent sometimes on the first, and 
sometimes on the second syllable, according to their definition. 

Definition when the accent 
is on the second syllable. 
1 2 

Fre quent To visit often. 
re gress to go back. 

2 1 

es say 
in crease 



Definition when the- accent is 
on the first syllable. 

Often done, 
passage back. 



a short treatise, 
augmentation, 
a family name. 

without hope, 
not present, 
an abridgment, 
stress of voice, 
something added, 
substance extracted, 
mark, stamp, 
printer's name, 
perfumes burnt. 



sur name 

2 2 

ab ject 
ab sent 
ab stract 
ac cent 
affix 
ex tract 
im press 
im print 
in cense 



to attempt, 
to make more, 
to add a name. 



to throw away, 
to withdraw, 
to take from. 
to note the accent, 
to subjoin. 
to draw out. 
to stamp, print, 
to print ; fix. 
to provoke. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



55 



2 2 

insolence, abuse. in suit to abuse, 
matter treated of* sub ject to put under. 

5 1 

col league to unite with. 



a partner, 
a boundary. 

increase. 

the 8th month. 

pain, anguish, 

a short prayer. 

an agreement. 

management. 

a combat. 

a council. 

a dispute, debate. 

bargain, 
opposition, 
one convicted, 
design, purpose. 



con fine 

3 2 

aug ment 
au gust 
tor ment 

5 2 

col lect 
com pact 
con duct 
con flict 
con suit 
con test 
con tract 
con trast 
con vict 



to limit ; shut up. 

to increase, 
great, grand, 
to torture, vex. 

to gather. 

to join together. 

to lead, manage. 

to contest. 

to ask advice. 

to contend. 

to shorten. 

to put in opposition. 

to prove guilty. 

to oppose. 



ob ject 

Useful Lessons. 

Henry, how many barley-corns make an inch? 
Three. Twelve inches make a foot ; three feet 
make a yard ; five yards and a half make a rod, 
perch or pole ; forty rods make a furlong ; eight 
furlongs make a mile; and three miles a league. 

William, can you tell how many gills make a 
pint ? Four. Two pints make a quart ; four 
quarts make a gallon ; thirty-one and a half 
gallons make a barrel ; four barrels make a 
pipe ; and two pipes a tun. 

How many single things make a score ? 
Twenty. Twelve make a dozen, and twelve 
dozen a gross. 



56 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




Twenty-four sheets of paper make a quire; 
twenty quires a ream ; and ten reams a bale. 

SECTION XX. 
Familiar Lessons, illustrated by Pictures. 

Come here, Charles, and 
look at these pretty little 
birds. Here is the robin, 
the sparrow, the yellow 
bird, the wren, the cat-bird, 
the lark, the linnet, the 
blue-bird, the swallow, the 
martin, the hang-bird, and 
the little humming-bird, 

which is the smallest, and most beautiful of all 

the feathered tribe, 

Dear little birds, how they sing and play. 

Let us sit down on the green grass, in the shade 

of this tree, and hear them sing their sweet songs. 

Henry, here is a cat ; 
see how quiet and mild 
she looks ! Puss has 
sharp claws, but she will 
not bite nor scratch, un- 
less you hurt her. 
Puss catches rats, and mice, and birds. She 
lies in wait, and springs upon her prey, which 
she takes by surprise : she then sports with the 
poor little animal, before she kills him. 

Cats dislike water, and cold : they love to 
bask in the sun, and lie on soft cushions. 

Puss is sly and treacherous, and if she has a j 
chance, will steal your breakfast or dinner. 




'•-- v --- -ri-^n 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



57 




Here are some beauti- 
ful little kitteng. See how 
quiet and still they lie! 
You must give them some 
new milk. Puss has been 
catching some mice for 
them. 

The little kittens are playful, and very amu- 
sing. You may play with them, but do not 
hurt them. 

Early at School. 

The hour is come, I must not stay, 
But haste to school without delay ; 
Nor loiter here, for 'tis a crime 
To trifle thus with precious time. 

These golden hours will soon be o'er 
When I can go to school no more : 
How painful then would be the thought, 
That I had spent my time for naught. 



SECTION XXL 

Words of three syllables, accented on the first. 



Beau ti ful 
bra zen ness 
ca pa ble 
care ful ness 
di a logwe 
du pli cate 
du ra ble 
for ci b\e 
fre quen cy 
glo ri ous 
i die ness 



1 

ju bi lee 
ju ve nile 
live li hood 
no ble ness 
nu mer ous 
pre vi ous 
se ri ous 
so ber ness 
u ni form 
u ni verse 
va ri ous 



ac cu rate 
ad jec tive 
ag gra vate 
al pha bet 
ban ish mcnt 
bur den some 
cab i net 
cat a ract 
chan eel lor 
civ il ize 
clem en cy 



58 THE 


PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


cyl in der 


2 

pun ish ment 


4 

part ner ship 


dif fer ence 


read i ness 


5 


dis ci pline 


rec om pense 


col o ny 


ed i fice 


ref er ence 


com e dy 


el o quent 


rel a tive 


com pe tence 


em pha sis 


res o lute 


con ju gate 


en ter prise 


sen si ble 


con so nant 


ep i taph 


set tie ment 


con ti nent 


ev i dence 


sim pie ton 


con tra ry 


fern i nine 


skel e ton 


hor ri ble 


gen tie man 


sub sti tute 


Ion gi tude 


hap pi ness 


syl la ble 


mon u ment 


heav i ness 


tern per ance 


nov el ty 


hes i tate 


ten der ness 


ob li gate 


im pu dence 


ter ri ble 


ob so lete 


in fa mous 


trans i tive 


ob sti nate 


in flu ence 


troub le some 


of fi cer 


in no cence 


ut ter ance 


or a cle 


in ter view 


ven om ous 


or a tor 


jeal ous y 


vis i ble 


pop u lar 


man u script 


wil der ness 


pos si ble 


mas cu line 


3 


prob a ble 


mes sen ger 


au di ble 


prop a gate 


mis er y 


cor po rate 


prop er ty 


neg li gence 


for ti tude 


pros e cute 


par a ble 


mor ti fy 


pros o dy 


par a graph 


or na ment 


prot est ant 


pen i tence 


4 


prov i dence 


pes ti lence 


ar gu ment 


quad ru ped 


pref er ence 


ar ti cle 


qual i fy 


pres i dent 


car pen ter 


qual i ty 


prim i tive 


par ti cle 


sol i tude 



jl" 1 

THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 63 


I 

de ceit ful 


2 

de cep tive 


de ceiv er a pre tend er 


re cli ning 


re cum bent 


re tain ing a re ten tion 


un ceas ing 

2 

pre cur sor i 


in ces sant 

2 


i fore run ner 


re luc tant 


un wil ling 


re pug nance 


re luc tance 


vin die tive - re venge ful 

2 1 

em bel lish to heau ti fy 


pi az za a por ti co 

2 2 

a bun dant - plen ti ful 


ad van tage 


ben e fit 


as sas sin 


mur der er 


dis sem bier a 


\ hyp o crite 


en cour age to an i mate 


ex is tence 


en ti ty 


ob struc tion 


bin der ance 


re sem bling 


sim i lar 


re spect ful 


af fa h\e 


u ten sil an im pie ment 


Questions upon the preceding section. 


What sound has u in a-bu-sive ? 


By what figure is it governed 1 


What figure governs it 1 


What does figure 5 represent 1 


What does figure 1 represent ? 


What sound has o in at-tor-ney ? 


What sound has e in al-read-y ? 


By what figure is it governed ] 


What figure governs it] 


What does figure 8 represent 1 


What does figure 2 represent 1 


What sound has e in sur-vey-orl 


What sound has o in irn-mor-tal 1 


By what figure is it governed ? 


What figure governs it 1 


What does figure 9 represent 1 


What does figure 3 represent 1 


What letter is silent in a-bu-sive 1 


What sound has a in em-bar-go ? 


What letter is silent in al-read-y 1 


What figure governs it ] 


What sound has s in ho-san-na? 


What does figure 4 represent 1 


What sound has ph in blas-phe-mer ? 


What sound has o in a-bol-ish ? 


What letter is silent in un-friend-lyl 



64 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXIV. 

Words of three syllables, accented on the third. 



Ad ver tise 
ap per tain 
bom bard ier 
brig a dier 
can non ier 
cav a lier 
co in cide 
dis ap pear 
dis be lieve 
en gi neer 
en ter tain 
fore or dain 
gren a dier 
in sin cere 
in ter weave 



o ver reach 
pre en gage 
pre ma ture 
pri va teer 
ref er ee 
un be lief 

2 
ac qui esce 
con de scend 
dis con tent 
o ver act 
o ver head 
re com mence 
re con duct 
un der sell 



af ter noon 
dis ap prove 
o ver do 
o ver shoot 

8 

o ver come 

10 

bom ba sin 
mag a zine 
man da rin 
quar an tine 

oi 

coun ter poise 
dis ap point 
o ver poise 



In the remaining part of this section, each column defines 
the other. 

1 



1 

dis en gage 
in ter fere 
su per vise 

in ter lace 

2 

com pre hend 

in ter cept 

l 
dis re pute 
in sin cere 

2 

in ter diet 
rep re sent 



to dis u nite 
to in ter pose 
to o ver see 

2 

to in ter mix 

to un der stand 
to in ter rupt 

2 

dis cred it 
dis sem bling 

to pro hib it 
to ex hib it 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



65 









SECTION XXV. 










mil 


IP 


39i!llli!Sii!li!l{{ynill!!llll 


PlSllltlSlll 


||HRt 




jiilfil™ 


r^SKSKKHtm^ ^ -^ 


■ill 




HPH 






H-* ; Ha ^^^» 


ssPlfi'iilill^^^llilil 




a^ypr^S^Agwii 




life' 


:..: " \'.?; ".' '^\'--:.e- V- ■ 


^^^^M^j^Mj|y 








^^^^B 


pIihBI 




ff/*\j^ 


^WTtt 


bbhSh&i 


>y>iriii:iiiiiiihI3rnriniiuiiniiminiTiinnjjAi^ 




9^9 






^^ ■ -'^^^5>^~- "~~ - .^JSgjjglj 









T%e Happy Family. 

Here is the picture of a happy family, sitting 
round the cheerful fire, in a cold winter's eve- 
ning. The father is sitting by his wife, smoking 
a pipe ; his dog lies sleeping at his feet. 

The mother is sitting by her husband, with a 
child in her arms ; while the playful cat is 
standing by her side. Jane, the eldest of the 
children, is spinning. She spins flax into yarn 
or thread, which is woven into cloth. 

George, James, and Joseph, are studying their 
books. They go to school. They are learning 
their lessons, that each one may be first in his 
class. 

These parents love their children, and are very 
kind to them. They took care of them when 
they were young and helpless ; when they could 
do nothing but cry, and give a great deal of 
trouble. 

They take much care to instruct their chil- 
dren ; to provide food for them to eat, and 

6* "'"" "'"" ™ 



\ aa I 

/66 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



clothes for them to wear. When sick and in dis- 
tress, they pity them, and kindly wait upon them. 

These are all good children : they are very 
thankful for the kindness of their parents, and do 
all in their power to make them happy. They 
always obey their father and mother, and try to 
please them. 

If denied what they want, they never grumble, 
nor get angry ; but think their parents know 
best what is proper for them. 

These good children are never guilty of 
telling lies. If they do any mischief, they will 
confess it, and say they are very sorry, and will 
try to do so no more ; then their parents and 
friends will not be angry with them. 

They pray daily to God, that he would be 
pleased of his mercy and goodness to preserve 
their parents and friends, that they may live 
many years, and by that means have it in their 
power to instruct them, and train them up in 
virtue and knowledge. 

They love one another, and likewise all their 
playmates. They never swear, nor use bad 
words, nor call ill names. They are never 
peevish, nor fretful ; but always cheerful and 
good humoured. 

I hope the little girls and boys who read this, 
will try to imitate the example of these good 
children. 

Then their parents, and teachers, and all their 
friends, will love them ; and God, their Heavenly 
Father, who knows all their thoughts, hears all 
their words, and sees all their actions, will love 
them likewise. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



67 



SECTION XXVI. 
Words of four syllables, accented on the first. 

2 

in no cent ly 
in ter est ing 
nav i ga ble 
per ish a ble 
pref er a h\e 
pun ish a ble 



A mi a b\e 
xea son a h\e 
va ri e gate 
vi o lent ly 



4 

ar bi tra ry 
bar ba rous ly 
par don a ble 
par ti cip \e 



ad mi ra h\e 
am i ca ble 
an swer a b\e 
ap pli ca h\e 
cat er pil lar 
dil i gent ly 
el e gant ly 
el i gi ble 
fash ion a ble 
im po ten cy 



reg u la tor 
rep u ta bis 
sec on da ry 
sev er al ly 
spec u la tive 
suf fer a ble 
tab er na cle 
tern per ate ly 
tern per a ture 



com i cal ness 
com men ta ry 
com mon al ty 
com pe tent ly 
con tro ver sy 
hos pi ta ble 
mod er ate ly 
nom i na live 
ob sti na cy 
pos i tive ly 



In the remaining part of this section, each column defines 

the other. 
2 2 



char i ta ble 
des pi ca ble 
ir ri ta ble 
mis er a bly 
sem i na ry 
mis er a ble 

2 

rel ish a ble 
ad ver sa ry 
die tion a ry 
ig no min y 
pred a to ry 
sane ti mo ny 



an 
a 



be nev o lent 
con tempt i ble 
i ras ci ble 
un hap pi ly 
a cad e my 
un hap py 

2 

pal at a ble 
en e my 
lex i con 
in fa my 
plun der ing 
sane ti ty 



68 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXVII. 
Money, and Metals. 

William, can you tell how money is made ? 

Money is coined from metals of different 
value ; gold, silver, and copper. Most metals 
are made from ore, which is dug out of the 
ground from a place called a mine. 

The gold coins of the United States, are 
eagles, half eagles, and quarter eagles. An 
eagle is worth ten dollars ; a half eagle, five ; 
and a quarter eagle, two and a half. 

The silver coins are dollars, half dollars, quar- 
ters, dimes, and half dimes. The value of a 
dollar, is one hundred cents ; the half dollar, 
fifty cents ; the quarter, twenty-five cents ; the 
dime, ten cents ; and the half dime, five cents. 

Cents are copper coins ; one hundred of 
which make a dollar. 

There are other metals beside those used 
for money ; such as iron, lead, tin, and quick- 
silver. Metals are the heaviest substances known 
in the world. 

Gold is a very heavy metal, and weighs more 
than nineteen times as much as water. That is, 
a cup full of gold would be heavier than a quan- 
tity of water sufficient to fill the same cup nine- 
teen times. 

Silver is eleven times heavier than water. 

Copper is nearly nine times heavier. 

Iron is eight times heavier than water. 

Lead is twelve times heavier than water. 

Tin is seven times heavier than water. 

Quicksilver is fifteen times heavier than water. 



THE PICTORTAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



69 j 



Brass is made of copper and zinc. 
Steel, of which scissors, knives, and many other 
things are made, is prepared from iron. 

Questions upon the preceding Section* — to be answered by 
the pupil. 

Of what is money made 1 What metals are coined for money I 
From what are metals made] What is the place called from which 
ore is taken 1 What are the gold coins of the United States 1 
What is the value of an eagle 1 What is the value of a half eagle ? 
What is the value of a quarter eagle 1 Can you name some of the 
silver coins 1 What is the value of a dollar 1 How many cents 
make a half dollar ! How many cents make a dime 1 How many 
a half dime ! What are copper coins 1 What metals are not used 
for money ? What are the heaviest substances known in the 
world 1 How much heavier is gold than water 1 Of what is brass 
made ! From what is steel prepared ? 



SECTION XXVIII. 

Words of four syllables, accented on the second. 



A gree a b\e 
an ni hi late 
ap pro pri ate 
de si ra b\e 
de spi ^a b\e 
er ro ne ous 
fe lo ni ous 
har mo ni ous 
im mu ta b\e 
in ca pa b\e 
in de cen cy 
in ju ri ous 
la bo ri ous 
mys te ri ous 
no to ri ous 



ob tarn a b\e 
pre ca ri ous 
sa lu bri ous 
sa lu bri ty 
spon ta ne ous 
sup port a b\e 
vie to ri ous 

2 

ac ces si b\e 
am phib i ous 
a nal y sis 
as cen den cy 
be nef i cence 
ca lam i tous 
co in ci dence 



col lee tive ly 
com bus ti b\e 
con spic u ous 
con tin gen cy 
con tin u al 
con tin u ance 
de clar a tivc 
de lir i ous 
de lir i um 
de liv er ance 
de liv er y 
de riv a tive 
di min u tive 
dis sat is fy 
dis trib u tive 



* The practice of frequently exercising children in answering ques- 
tions upon what they have read, is strongly recommended to teachers. 
It forms a pleasing variety in their exercises, and at the same time 
gives them a better knowledge of what they read. 



70 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



e vap o rate 
ex pres si b\e 
ex trav a gant 
il lib er al 
i! lus tri ous 
im mac u late 
irn pen i tence 
im pen i tent 
in ae cu rate 
in an i mate 
in cred i ble 
in dif fer ence 
in dus tri ous 
in el e gant 
in fin i tive 
in grat i tude 
in quis i tive 
in teg ri ty 
in tel li gence 
in tern per ate 
in tim i date 
in ves ti gate 

In the remaining part 
1 

Con gru i ty 
ex pe ri ence 
im pe ri ous 
re la tion ship 
se cu ri ty 

a dul ter ate 
am big u ous 
ca tas tro phe 
ce ler i ty 



in vin ci ble 
in vis i b\e 
ma lev o lent 
mi rac u lous 
per plex i ty 
pre med i tate 



bi og ra phy 
com mod i ty 
de moc ra cy 
de pop u late 
e con o my 
e mol u ment 



pro mis cu ous e quality 
re spec ta ble ge og ra phy 



ri die u lous 
stu pid i ty 
su prem a cy 
sus cep ti b\e 
u nan i mous 
un gen er ous 
vi cis si tude 

5 

a nom a ly 
a non y mous 
a pol o gize 
a pol o gy 
a pos ta cy 
as trol o gy 

of this section, the words are synonymous. 

con sis ten cy 
ex per i ment 
im per a tive 
af fin i ty 
in dem ni ty 

2 

to con tam in ate 

e quiv o cal 
a ca lam i ty 

ra pid i ty 



hy poc ri sy 
i dol a try 
im pos si b\e 
ma hog a ny 
ma jor i ty 
me trop o lis 
mi nor i ty 
phi losopher 
pre rog a tive 
sy non y mous 

8 

ac com pa ny 
dis cov er y 
re cov er y 









... 

J THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 71 


2 

com mis er ate 


to 


2 

com pas sion ate 


e pit o me 
ma lev o lence 


m 


com pen di um 
ma lig ni ty 


pe riph e ry 


- 


cir cum fer ence 


pro pin qui ty 
re luc tant ly 
re venge ful ness 


- 


prox im i ty 
un wil ling ly 
vin die tive ness 


si mil i tude 


a 


com par i son 


vin die tive ly 


- 


re venge ful ly 


a nal o gy 


- 


re sem blance 


de lib er ate 


to 


con sid er 


dis crim in ate 


to 


dis tin guish 


ac eel er ate 


to 


Z 

ex pe dite 


am bas sa dor 


a 


min is ter 


be nev o lence 


- 


char i ty 


ex ten u ate 


to 


pal i ate 


in vid i ous 


- 


en vi ous 


i tin er ant 


- 


trav el ling 


pro gen i tor 

SECT 


- 


an ces tor 
XXIX. 


HON 


Words of four syllables, 


accented on the third, 
i 


1 
Ad van ta geous 




con tri bu tion 


ap pli ca tion 




con ver sa tion 


ap pro ba tion 
eel e bra tion 




cor po ra tion 
cul ti va tion 


com pen sa tion 




dis a gree ment 


com pi la tion 




en ter tain ment 


con dem na tion 




es ti ma tion 


con fla gra tion 




ex pi ra tion 


con sti tu tion 




ex pla na tion 









72 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



in dig na tion 
in no va tion 
in sti tu tion 
med i ta tion 
mod er a tion 
nav i ga tion 
oc cu pa tion 
per se cu tion 
pop u la tion 
pres er va tion 
pros e cu tion 
pub li ca tion 
rec re a tion 
rev o lu tion 
su per vi sor 

In the remaining part of this 

1 

al le ga tion 
de por ta tion 
de vas ta tion 

dec o ra tion 
in cli na tion 

con ster na tion 

2 

rem i nis cence 

ac ci den tal 

de re lie tion 

con va les cent 

l 
dim i nu tion 
hab i ta tion 



sup pli ca tion 
trib u la tion 

2 

ap pre hen sion 
com pre hen sion 
com pre hen sive 
con de seen sion 
con tra die tion 
dis ad van tage 
in con sis tent 
in ter rup tion 
om ni pres ence 
om ni pres ent 
res ur rec tion 
sat is fac tion 

section, the words are synonymous. 
1 

af fir ma tion 
trans por ta tion 
des o la tion 

2 

em bel lish ment 
pro pen si ty 

5 

as ton ish ment 

2 

rec ol lee tion 

l 
for tu i tous 

2 

a ban don ment 

8 

re cov er ing 

2 

les sen ing 
a res i dence 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



73 



SECTION XXX. 

Words of four syllables, accented on the fourth. 



Char i ot eer 
el e cam pane 

su per in duce 

2 
an te pe nult 
fan far o nade 
mis ap pre hend 



mis rep re hend 
mis rep re sent 
mis un der stand 
mul ti pli cand 
su per in tend 

ou 

su per a bound 



SECTION XXXI. 




The Monkeys. 

Here is a picture of some monkeys, imitating 
the actions of men. One of them is drinking 
from a wine-glass ; another is eating apples ; and 
the other, while his master is absent, is trying to 
shave himself. 

There is no other animal that looks so much 
like man, nor that tries so much to imitate his 
actions. They are found in warm countries, and 
are very active, and full of mischief. 

There is a great variety of monkeys ; and their 
size varies from twelve inches to four feet in 



74 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



length. In their wild state, they inhabit the 
woods, and feed on fruit and nuts. 

The Monkey turned Painter* 




He handles his hrush, and he looks very keen, 
A more comical painter sure never was seen. 

Monkeys are very playful animals ; there is no 
end to their tricks : they are so full of mischief, 
that if they were not secured, they would do a 
greal deal of injury. 

A painter once had a monkey that was so full 
of mischief, that he was always kept chained : 
but he could see his master at work, and he said 
to himself, if I were at liberty, I would paint too. 

Soon after, his chain got broken : now, says 
he, I will turn painter ; so he took up the palette 
and pencil, as his master used to do, and began 
to work. 

The painter came in when the monkey was 
very busy. This is pretty work, says the paint- 
er; but I will teach you better manners; sohefast- 
ened his chain again, and flogged him severely. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



75 



There are many little boys, who like monkeys, 
are always full of mischief. They are so mis- 
chievous, that we sometimes have to flog them, 
as this man did his monkey. 



SECTION XXXIL 




TEA PLANT, SUGAR CANE, COFFEE PLANT. 

Tea is the dried leaves of a plant or shrub, 
which grows chiefly in China. The only valua- 
ble part of it, is the leaves, which are of a dark 
green colour. 

They are gathered, and dried ; then put into 
boxes, and sent to different parts of the world to 
be used. The wood of the tea plant is hard, and 
of a whitish green colour. Its flowers resemble 
those of the white wild rose. 

Coffee grows in the centre of a kind of fruit 
like a cherry, of a deep red colour. The tree 
or bush that bears it, grows only in warm 
countries. 

The fruit is gathered, and spread on mats to 
dry; and then bruised with rollers, to force out 
the seed : this divides thern into two parts. It 



76 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



is afterwards replaced on the mats, and when 
dry, is fit for use. 

Sugar is made from a kind of reed called 
sugar-cane, which grows in warm countries. It 
grows from four to twelve feet high. The stalks 
are carried to a mill, where they are ground or 
broken, and the sweet juice pressed out. This 
juice is boiled, to make sugar and molasses. 

White or loaf sugar is made of brown sugar, 
by refining it. Sugar is sometimes made from 
the sap of maple trees. 

Salt is made of sea-water, and from springs of 
salt water, by boiling it, or by exposure to the 
sun. That which is called rock-salt, is dug out 
of the earth, from salt mines. 

Pepper is the fruit or seed of a plant resem- 
bling the grape vine, which grows in the East 
Indies. 

Allspice or pimento, grows upon a tree found 
in many parts of the island of Jamaica. 

Ginger is the root of a plant, which grows in 
the East and West Indies. 

Cinnamon is the bark of a small tree, which 
grows in the East Indies. After it is stripped 
from the tree, and dried, it is fit for use. 

Oranges and Lemons, grow like apples, on 
small trees. The trees that bear them, grow in 
warm countries. 

Nutmegs are the fruit of a tree which grows 
in the East Indies. Cloves are the flowers of a 
plant which grows in the same place. 

Figs are the fruit of a tree which grows in 
warm climates. Almonds are a kind of nut. 
Raisins a^e dried grapes. i 



THE PICTORIAL I 


SPELLING-BOOK. 7? 


SECTION 


XXXIII. 


Words of jive syllables. 


accented on the second. 


l 
Ab ste mi ous ness 


in dif fer ent ly 


ac cu mu la tor 


in dis so lu b\e 


cen so ri ous ness 


in dus tri ous ly 


com mu ni ca tive 


in es ti ma b\e 


har mo ni ous ly 


in ev i ta b\e 


in nu mer a b\e 


in flam ma to ry 


in va ri a b\e 


in hab it a b\e 


in vi o la b\e 


in quis i tive ness 


la bo ri ous ly 


in suf fer a b\e 


ma te ri al ly 


in tel li gi b\e 


mys te ri ous ly 


in tem per ate ly 


un rea son a ble 


in val u a ble 


2 


in vet er a cy 


ca lum ni a tor 


in vul ner a b\e 


com mem o ra tive 


mag nif i cent ly 


com par a tive ly 


mi rac u lous ly 


con fed er a cy 


par tic u lar ly 


con sid er a b\e 


un char i ta b\e 


con tin u al ly 


ui) fash ion a b\e 


co tern po ra ry 


un mer ci ful ly 


de clam a to ry 


vo cab u la ry 


de gen er a cy 


5 


de lib er ate ly 


con sol a to ry 


de lib er ate ness 


de rog a to ry 


ef fern i na cy 


de pos i to ry 


ex clam a to ry 


in cor ri gi b\e 


ex trav a gant ly 


in hos pi ta ble 


im pen e tra b\e 


in tol er a ble 


im prac ti ca b\e 


in vol un ta ry 


in def i nite ly 


prog nos ti ca tor 



78 THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK. 


SECTION 


XXXIV. 


Words of Jive syllables, 


accented on the third. 


i 
Am bi gu i ty 


2 

di a met ri cal 


cer e nio ni ous 


du ra bil i ty 


dis a gree a ble 


em blem at i cal 


ex com inu ni cate 


ep i dem i cal 


im ma te ri al 


gen e al o gy 


im pro pri e ty 


gen er al i ty 


in ge nu i ty 


hos pi tal i ty 


in stan ta ne ous 


im mor tal i ty 


mat ri mo ni al 


im per cept i b\e 


mer i to ri ous 


in ar tic u late 


mis eel la ne ous 


in con sid er ate 


no to ri e ty 


in cor rupt i ble 


op por tu ni ty 


in fi del i ty 


per spi cu i ty 


in sig nif i cance 


pres by te ri an 


in sig nif i cant 


sub ter ra ne ous 


in sin cer i ty 


su per flu i ty 


in tro due to ry 


tes ti mo ni al 


lib er al i ty 


2 


mag na nim i ty 


ac a dem i cal 


met a phys i cal 
per pen die u lar 


al pha bet i cal 


an ni ver sa ,y 
com pre hen si h\e 


pop u lar i ty 
pos si bil i ty 


con tra die to ry 


5 


prob a bil i ty 


an i mos i ty 


prod i gal i ty 


ar is toe ra cy 


reg u lar i ty 


as tro nom i cal 


rep re sent a tive 


cu ri os i ty 


sen si bil i ty 


et y mol o gy 


cred i bil i ty 


gen er os i ty 


dem o crat i cal 


in ter rog a tive 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XXXVII. 
i tine. 

Now, James, we shall tell you something about: 1 
time ; and then ask some questions upon it, to 
see if you understand what you read. 

Time is a portion of duration; as a minute, an 
hour, a day, a year. Here is a picture of 

THE WATCH, CLOCK, DIAL, AND HOUR GLASS, 




by which time is measured. Time is divided into 
seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, 
years, and centuries, 

A second of time is only as long as it takes to 
count one, two. Sixty of these seconds make one 
minute. Sixty minutes make an hour. Twenty- 
four hours make a day : and seven days a week. 

Three hundred and sixty-five days make one 
year. The year contains fifty-two weeks ; or 
twelve months. The names of the twelve months, 
are January, February, March, April, May, June, 
July, August September, October, November, 
December. One hundred years make a century. 

Time that is gone, is called past time ; that 
which is now, is called present ; and that which 
is to come is called future. The day before the 
present, is called yesterday : that which is now, 



is called to-day; and thatwhn 
is called to-morrow. 



h is to come aext, 



80 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



The days of the week are called Sunday, Mon- 
day, 'Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, 
Saturday. When God made the world, he divi- 
ded the days into weeks. In six days he made 
the sun, moon, and stars; the beasts, birds, and 
fish ; the herbs, plants, and trees ; and all things 
that are in the world : but on the seventh day he 
rested ; and made it a day of holy rest, which 
he called the sabbath. 

An era, is time measured from a particular 
date. Time was reckoned before Christ, from 
the beginning of the world. It was four thou- 
sand and four years after the world was made, 
before the christian era commenced. The chris- 
tian era commenced at the birth of Christ; which 
was one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine 
years ago. 

Our time began a few years ago, and will end 
when our bodies die. When our bodies die, we 
shall live in eternity. Time has a beginning, 
and will have an end : eternity is without begin- 
ning, and without end. We live in time, but 
God lives in eternity. 

Questions upon the preceding Section. 

What is time ? How is time measured ? How is time divided ? 
What is a second of time ? How many seconds are there in a minute ? 
How many minutes in an hour ? How many hours in a day 1 How 
many days m a week ? What are they called ? How many days are 
there in a year? How many weeks in a year? How many months 
in a year? What are they called? How many years make a cen- 
tury ? What is the day before the present, called ? What is the day 
which is now, called? What is the day that is to come next, called'? 
When God made the world, how did he divide the days? What did 
he call the day on which he rested ? What is an era ? From what 
date was time reckoned before Christ? How many years after the 
world was made before the christian era commenced 1 When did 
the christian era commence? How many years since] 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



81 



SECTION 

Words of Jive syllables , 

Ab bre vi a tion 
ac com mo da tion 
ad min is tra tion 
ad min is tra tor 
ad min is tra trix 
am pli fi ca tion 
ar tic u la tion 
clas si fi ca tion 
com mem o ra tion 
com mu ni ca tion 
con tin u a tion 
ed i fi ca tion 
e lu ci da tion 
e vac u a tion 



XXXVI. 

accented on the fourth. 

for ti fi ca tion 
glo ri fi ca tion 
hu mil i a tion 
in cor po ra tion 
in ter pre ta tion 
in tox i ca tion 
in ves ti ga tion 
mod i fi ca tion 
mul ti pli ca tion 
pre des ti na tion 
pu ri fi ca tion 
rat i fi ca tion 
re gen er a tion 
ver si fi ca tion 



SECTION 

Words of six syllables, 

l 
Cer e mo ni ous ly 
cer e mo ni ous ness 
dis a gree a h\e ness 
im ma te ri al ly 
im ma te ri al ness 
in cor po re al ly 
in dis pen sa ble ness 
in stan ta ne ous ly 
mer i to ri ous ly 
mer i to ri ous ness 
mul ti fa ri ous ly 
mul ti fa ri ous ness 
par si mo ni ous ly 
par si mo ni ous ness 



XXXVII. 

accented on the third. 

2 

in con sid er a h\e 
in con sid er ate ly 
in con sid er ate ness 
in de fat i ga b\e 
in sig nif i cant ly 
par a graph i cal ly 
rec om mend a to ry 
un in hab it a ble 

5 

al le gor i cal ly 
an a torn i cal ly 
as tro nom i cal ly 
in ter rog a tive ly 
in ter rog a to ry 



82 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION 

Words of six syllables, 

Ap pli ca bil i ty 
ar is to crat i cal 
de cep ti bil i ty 
de feet i bil i ty 
dis sat is fac to ry 
hi e ro glyph i cal 
im mu ta bil i ty 
im pos si bil i ty 
in cred i bil i ty 
in fal li bil i ty 
in flex i bil i ty 
in sen si bil i ty 
in stru men tai i ty 



XXXIX. 

accented on the fourth. 

2 
in vis i bil i ty 
ma te ri al i ty 
pen e tra bil i ty 
per cep ti bil i ty 
sem i di am e ter 
su per a bun dant ly 
su per in tend en cy 
sus cep ti bil i ty 

5 

an te ri or i ty 
in fe ri or i ty 
me te o rol o gy 
su pe ri or i ty 



SECTION XL. 

Words of seven syllables, accented on the fifth. 



Com mu ni ca bil i ty 
im ma te ri al i ty 
im pen e tra bil i ty 
im prac ti ca bil i ty 
in com bus ti bil i ty 
in com pat i bil i ty 



in dis so lu bil i ty 
in di vid u al i ty 
in di vis i bil i ty 
in ev i ta bil i ty 
in im i ta bil i ty 
in sep a ra bil i ty 



in com pres si bil i ty in tel li gi bil i ty 
in cor rup ti bil i ty per pen die u lar i ty 



Words of eight syllables, accented on the sixth. 

? . 2 

In com mens u ra bil i ty in com pre hen si bil i ty 

in com mu ni ca bil ity un in tel li gi bil i ty 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



83 



SECTION XLI. 

Accidents and dangerous practices of children: 
illustrated by Pictures. 

Many of the accidents of childhood, and the 
dangerous practices to which children are ex- 
posed, might be prevented by timely instruction. 

Here are some pictures which represent some 
of the improper practices, in which children fre- 
quently indulge themselves. 

And first, is a representation of a number of 
boys engaged in 

CLIMBING TREES. 




This is a very dangerous practice ; the boughs 
often break, or they miss their hold, when down 
they fall, and often break their bones, and some- 
times their necks. 

The little boy who is falling from this tree, 
has been robbing a poor little bird of her nest. 
The limb to which he held has broke, and he 



84 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



will get a terrible fall ; and thus get severely 
punished for his wickedness. 

His little sister who is standing near by, cries 
out, " O my poor brother ! I fear he will be 
killed by the fall." 

In the next picture, you see a little boy who 
is in great danger of being drowned, while 



BATHING. 




The other little boys are very much alarmed, 
and are trying to assist him. 

Many children are drowned every year, from 
not being sensible of the danger of water. They 
go into ponds and rivers without knowing their 
depth, and by one fatal step, they sink, never to 



rise again 



CD 

Children should never bathe, except in baths 
made for that purpose, or when attended by 
those who can help them if necessary. 

We now come to some very bad boys, who 
are engaged in 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



85 



FIGHTING AND THROWING STONES. 




Throwing stones is a very bad practice for 
children. They not only get hurt, hut sometimes 
have an eye put out, which disfigures them for life. 

See these two naughty boys engaged in fight- 
ing! O how disgraceful! I dare say, when they 
go home, their parents will punish them severely. 

These are all bad boys : their conduct is not 
only shameful, but they should be shunned by all 
good children. 

We hope, dear children that you will never 
grieve your parents or fri nds by such improper 
conduct. 

Always love and obey your parents, and do 
every thing you can to make them happy. Love 
your brothers and sisters, and be kind to them. 

When at school, obey your teacher. Always 
speak the truth ; and never do any thing to in- 
jure others. 

Above all, you must love your Creator, and 
obey his commands. He knows all your thoughts, 



86 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



hears all your words, and sees every thing you do- 

He takes care of the great family of all the 
earth, and upholds them by his mighty power. 

He made us, and has preserved us ever since 
we had existence. 

He created the world, and ail things here on 
earth, for our comfort, support and happiness. 

He sees and knows all things that have been 
done, and all that ever will be done. 

People could not live, if He was not every 
where to keep them alive. 

If you wish to do that which is pleasing in the 
sight of your Creator, you must obey these in- 
structions, and avoid all improper conduct. 

In the next place we come to some careless 
little boys and girls, who are 

PLAYING WITH GUNS AND KNIVES. 




Look at this little boy with a sharp knife ! 
While whittling, the knife slipped and cut a gash 
in his hand. See how it bleeds ! 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



97 



1 



It is dangerous for young children to play with 
knives ; bad wounds are often the consequence. 

Children should never meddle with guns. 
Here we see a little boy shooting his sister 
dead ; an accident which has occurred for want 
of proper warning. 

No child should ever, on any account, present 
a gun or pistol at another. 

We next come to the picture of a careless 
little girl, who has been 

DRINKING FROM A HOT TEA-POT. 




One of these little girls, who can just reach 
the top of the table, has been drinking from the 
spout of a tea-pot : by which means her mouth 
and throat have been badly scalded. 

Children should bew T are of scalding water. 
They should never play about it in a careless 
manner ; for in so doing they are exposed to 
great danger. 

Hundreds of children have been scalded, and 
died miserable deaths in a few hours after, which j 



88 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



a little warning, with proper care on their part, 
might have prevented. 

Here is one more picture, which represents 
some thoughtless little girls, 

FLAYING WITH FIRE AND CANDLES. 




One of them has set the bed curtains on fire 
with a candle ; and another her hair. 

A third, in lighting paper in the fire to play 
with, has set her clothes on fire. 

O what a dreadful situation these poor little 
girls are in! They are all in danger of being 
burnt to death in the most cruel manner. 

Learn from this, dear children, always to be 
careful of fire. We often hear of little girls being 
burnt to death, in the greatest agony, by their 
clothes taking fire. 

Children who wish to live long, and be happy, 
must take warning, and endeavour to shun all 
these bad practices. They must attend to the in- 
structions of their kind teachers, and the advice 
of their affectionate parents. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



89 



SECTION XLII. 

In the following section, w is pronounced after h though 
written before it : thus lohale, what, are pronounced hwale, 
liwai* 

N. B— In this, and in the following sections, the accented syllables 
are designated by the figures which are placed over them to represent 
the sounds of the vowels. 

12 12 



Whale 


whim 


whee die 


whip per 


wheat 


whin 


whi ten 


whip saw 


wheeze 


whip 


white ness 


whis ker 


while 


whisk 


white wash 


whis key 


whilst 


whist 


whi ting 


whis per 


whine 


whit 


whi tish 


whis t\e 


white 


whiz 


whi ten er 


whit tie 


why 


whur 


2 


whim si cal 


2 


3 


wher ret 


whis per er 


whelp 


wharf 


wher ry 


2 


when 


5 


whet stone 


where as 


whence 


what 


whif fle 


where at 


which 


9 


whim per 


where in 


whiff 


where 


whim sey 


2 


whig 


whey 


whip lash 


o ver whelm 




NIGHT. 




Now darkness 


shades the distant hill, 


The little birds 


are hid and still, 




Anc 


[ we a quiet sleep may take, 




For 


our Creator is awake. 





'Tis sweet, upon my little bed, 

To think my Saviour guards my head, 

And he a helpless child can keep, 
Through all the silent hours of sleep. 

* in pronouncing words of this class, the sound of h is sometimes 
omitted: thus, white, wheel, are pronounced wile, weel, &c. which is at 
corrupt pronunciation, and ought to be carefully avoided. i 



90 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION XLIII. 


In the following section, g has 


its hard sound before 




e i and y. 




1 


2 


2 


Gear 


gim let 


for get 


geese 


giv er 


for give 


2 


giz zard 


mis give 


get 


hag gish 


l 


gift 


jag gy 


ea ger ly 


gig 


mug gy 


ea ger ness 


gild 


quag gy 


? 


gills 


rag ged 


gib ber ish 


gimp 


rig ging 


gid di ly 


give 


rig gish 


gid di ness 


l 


scrag ged 


rag ged ness 


ea ger 


scrag gy 


rug ged ly 


gew gaw 


shag ged 


rug ged ness 


ti ger 


slug gish 


scrag gi ness 


2 


snag ged 


slug gish ness 


brag ger 


snag gy 


wag ger y 


bug gy 


sprig gy 


wag gish ness 


crag ged 


stag ger 


5 


crag gy 


swag ger 


fog gi ness 


dag ger 


wag gisli 


log ger head 


dig ger 


3 


2 


dreg gy 


au ger 


be gin ner 


drug gist 


4 


be gin ning 


flaggy 


tar get 


for get ful 


gib bous 


5 


for give ness 


gid dy 


boggy 


2 


gig gle 


f °g gy 


pet ti fog aer 


gig let 


hog gish 


2 


gil der 


nog gin 


for get ful ness 


'■ — j — 


"V i' i i inn II i I ii ailill 


— T . 1ff ... rm _ w . TTTinffrinr Trm _ r . i 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 91 



SECTION XLIV. 

In the following section, g has its hard soun'l ; and n has 
the sound of ng when it ends an accented syllable : thus, an- 
ger, is pronounced ang-ger. 



2 

An ger 


2 

Ian guish 


5 

Ion ger 


an gle 


lin ger 


stron ger 


an gler 


lin guist 


stron gest 


an gry 


man g\e 


2 


an guish 


min g\e 


an gli cism 


dan gig 


san guine 


an gu lar 


fan g\e 


shin g\e 


sin gle ness 


fin ger 
hun ger 


span gle 
stran gle 


sin gu lar 
sin gu lar ly 


hun gry 
jin g\e 


tan gle 
tin g\e 


2 

dis tin guish 


Ian guage 


t#ran gle 


en tan g\e 


Ian guid 


youn gest 


ex tin guish 



SECTION XLV. 

In the following section, x, being followed by an accented 
syllable beginning with a vowel, has the sound of gz ; thus, 
ex-act, is pronounced egz-act. 

2 3 I 

Ex act ex alt lux u ri ous 

ex emjpt ex or bi tant ux o ri ous 

ex ert ex or di urn 2 

ex ist i ex an i mate 

ex ult anx i e ty ex ec u tive 

ex act ly ex u be ranee ex ec u tor 

ex am ine ex u be rant ex em pla ry 

ex am pie lux u ri ance ex em pli fy 

ex em plar lux u ri ant 5 

ex is tence lux u ri ate ex on er ate 



92 TH 


E PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION XLVI. 


1 in the following 


section, c has the sound of sh when followed 


| by w, co j or ea, and the accent precedes : thus, gra-cious, is 


p r on aim cc (1 gra-shus. 




1 


1 


i 


Gra ciovis 


fe ro cious 


au da cious ly 


o cean 


fu ga cious 


yo ra cious ly 


so cial 


lo qua cious 


2 


spa cious 


ra pa cious 


co er cion 


i 


sa ga cious 


pro vin cial 


a tro cious 


se qua cious 


i 


au da cious 


se ta ceous 


con tu ma cious 


ca pa cious 


te na cious 


ef fi ca cious 


ce ta ceous 


vi va cious 


in ca pa cious 


j crus ta ceous vo ra cious 


per spi ca cious 


fal la cious 


a tro cious 


per ti na cious 


j 


SECTION XL VII. 


In the following 


; section, c has the sound of sh when follow. 


j ed by ia, le, or io, 


and is pronounced as 


if it was joined to the 


i preceding syllable 


: thus, pre-cious, spe 


•cial, are pronounced 


I presh-iis, speslual. 






2 


2 


2 


| Pre cious 


nia li cious 


es pe cial ly 


spe cial 


mu si cian 


ma li cious ly 


vi cious 


of fi cial 


per ni cious ly 


2 


pa tri cian 


suf fi cient ly 


au spi cious 


per ni cious 


2 


ca pri cious 


phy si cian 


ar ti fi cial 


ef fi cient 


suf ft cient 


av a ri cious 


ju di cial 


sus pi cion 


ben e fi cial 


ju di cious 


de fi cien cy 


prej u di cial 


ma gi cian 


de li cious ly 


su per fi cial 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



93 







SECTION XLVIII. 






lite 


m m 




uniir 


jd 


1 «!§* 


1 H 


Will IP less 


111 

11 


JcSi 


g^^^^^^^p^Wl^M 


^ir Iff ■ 






Ull liit^aiiiiiiiBi^^B 



George Washington and his Little Hatchet. 

When George was about six years old, he 
was made the wealthy master of a hatchet ! of 
which, like most boys, he was immoderately fond ; 
and was constantly going about, chopping every 
thing that came in his way. 

One day in the garden, where he had often 
amused himself hacking the pea-bushes, he un- 
luckily tried the edge of his hatchet on the body 
of a beautiful young English cherry tree, which 
he so much injured, that the tree never got the 
better of it. 

The next morning, his father, finding out what 
had befallen his favourite tree, came into the 
house, and asked for the author of the mischief; 
declaring at the same time, that he would not 
have taken five guineas for the tree. 

Nobody could tell him any thing about it. 
Presently George and his little hatchet made their 



94 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



appearance. " George," said his father, " do 
you know who killed that beautiful little cherry 
tree yonder in the garden ?" 

This was a hard question ; and George stag- 
gered under it for a moment ; but quickly recov- 
ered himself, and looking at his father with the 
sweet face of youth, brightened with the charm 
of honesty, he bravely cried out, " I cannot tell 
a lie Pa : vou know I cannot tell a lie. I did 
it with my little hatchet." 

" Run to my arms, my dearest boy," said his 
father ; " you have paid me for my tree a thou- 
sand times ; and I hope, my son, you will always 
be hero enough to tell the truth." 



SECTION XLXX. 
Definitions of Arts and Sciences. 
A Mechanic, is a person who has the knowledge 

of some art. 
A Farmer, is a person who tills the ground to 

raise food for men and cattle. 
A Blacksmith, is one who makes things of iron. 
A Goldsmith, is one who works in gold and 

silver. 
A Cabinet Maker, is one who makes tables, 

bureaus, and other furniture. 
A Carpenter, is one who builds houses. 
A Mason, is one who lays walls, and builds 

brick or stone houses. 
A Saddler, is one who makes saddles and har- 
nesses. 
A Cooper, is one who makes barrels, tubs and 

pails. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



95 



A Glazier, is one who sets glass in windows, 

A Printer, is one who prints papers and books. 

A Bookbinder, is one who puts covers on books. 

A Barber, is one who shaves, and cuts hair. 

A Brewer, is one who makes beer, 

A Butcher, is one who kills and sells meat. 

A Baker, is one who makes bread to sell. 

A Magistrate,^ one chosen to govern the people. 

A Legislator, is one who makes laws. 

A Physician, is one who studies diseases and 

medicine. 
A Divine, is a minister of the Gospel. 



In the following 
by ia, ie, or ?'o, pre 
pounced par-shal. 

1 

Pa tient 
quo tient 

2 
cap tious 
fac tious 
fie tious 
frac tious 
nup tial 

3 

cau tious 



SECTION L. 

section, t has the sound of sh when followed 
ceded by the accent: thus, par-tial, is pro- 



par tial 
par tial ly 

l 
fa ce tious 
im pa tience 
im pa tient 
vex a tious 
fa ce tious ness 
im pa tient ly 
vex a tious ness 



con ten tious 
ere den tial 
es sen tial 
in fee tious 
li cen tious 
po ten tial 
pru den tial 
sen ten tious 
sub stan tial 
li cen tious ness 



In the following words, (and in all other cases,) where Hon, tian, 
and tial, are immediately preceded by 5 or x, t has the sound of ch : 
thus, bas-tion, is pronounced bas-chun. 

2 2 2 

Bas tion ad mix tion 

fus tian ce les tial 

ques tion am bus tion 



com bus tion 
di ges tion 
sug ges tion 









96 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




SECTION LI. 


In the following section, t has the sound of sh, when follow- 


ed by io ; and is 


)ronounced as if joined to the preceding syJ. 


lable : thus, ad-di-tion, is pronounced ad-dish-nn. 


2 

Ad di tion 


4 
pro pi tious 


2 

def i ni tion 


am bi tion 


se di tion 


dis po si tion 


am bi tious 


se di tious 


er u di tion 


con di tion 


vo li tion 


ex pe di tion 


con tri tion 


2 


ex po si tion 


dis ere tion 


ab o li tion 


im po si tion 


e di tion 


ad mo ni tion 


in qui si tion 


fie ti tious 


am mu ni tion 


op po si tion 


fru i tion 


ap po si tion 


prep o si tion 


pe ti tion 


com pe ti tion 


pro hi bi tion 


par ti tion 


co a li tion 


prop o si tion 


po si tion 


com po si tion 


sup po si tion 
I. 


SECTION LI 


In the following 


section, th has its first or sharp sound, as 




in think, thin. 




1 


2 


2 


E ther 


an them 


thun der 


faith ful 


dipA thong 


tripA thong 


faith less 


health ful 


wealth y 


ze nith 


health y 


ap a thy 


a the ism 


meth od 


ep i thet 


a the ist 


pan ther 


leth ar gy 


hy a cinth 


sab bath 


meth o dist 


the a tre 


thick ness 


pen ny worth 


the o rem 


thim b\e 


sym pa thize 


the o rist 


this t\e 


sym pa thy 


the o ry 


thrif ty 


syn the sis 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLINC 


r-BOOK. 97 


3 


l 


2 


au thor 


de throne 


pa ren the sis 


thorn y 


en throne 


pa thet i cal 


thought ful 


north east 


5 


or tho dox 


south east 


au thor i ty 


5 


ca the dral 


ca thol i cism 


thros t\e 


un faith ful 


ca thol i con 


throt t\e 


2 


li thog ra phy 


moth y 


here with 


li thot o my 


8 


north west 


my thol o f\y 


month ly 


south west 


the oc ra cy 


thir teen 


me.theg lin 


the ol o gy 


thir ty 


un thrifty 


ther mom e ter 


thor ough 


a nath e ma 


a poth e ca ry 


worth less 


an tip a thy 


2 


cu 


au then ti cate 


a rith met i cal 


thou sand 


mis an thro py 


a the is ti cal 


SECTION LII 


In the following 


section, th has its second or flat sound, 




as in tlie, iliein. 




1 


2 


8 


Cloth in£ 


neth er 


oth er 


ei ther 


rath er 


smoth er 


hea then 


south ern 


w 7 or thy 


loath some 


teth er 


wor thi ly 


nef ther 


thith er 


wor thi ness 


2 

breth ren 


4 

far ther 


i 
al though 


fath om 


far thing 


be neath 


feath er 


fa ther 


be queath 


gath er 


fa ther ly 


w r ith hold 


hith er 


8 


2 


lath er 


broth er 


them selves 


leath er 


moth er 


with stand 



98 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LIV. 
Definition of Common terms. 

Charles, we shall now explain some words and 
phrases to you, and then ask some questions 
about them, to see if you understand the mean- 
ing of them. 

Can you tell the difference between a divine 
agent, and a human agent? God is a divine agent; 
men are human agents. 

Some things are the works of nature, others 
the works of art. The sun, moon, and stars; 
the world, the animals, and trees, are the works 
of nature. They are called the works of nature 
because God created them, or made them grow. 

The works of art, are things made by men. 
Houses, fences, tables, chairs, shoes, and hats, 
are works of art. 

There are likewise works of instinct i as a bird's 
nest, a spider's web, and a honey-comb. These 
are called works of instinct, because animals have 
not understanding like men, but are directed by 
instinctive principles. 

Some things are animate, others are inanimate* 
Horses, cows, dogs, and birds, are animate. They 
are called animate, because they have the sense 
of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feeling. 

Those things which cannot see, hear, smell, 
taste, nor feel, are called inanimate ; as stones, 
wood, and water. 

Some things have animal life, others have vege- 
table life. Mankind, beasts, insects, birds, and 
fishes, have animal life. Grass, flowers, shrubs, 
and trees, have vegetable life. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 99 



Some animals are domestic, others are wild. 
The horse, cow, sheep, dog, cat, and hen, are 
domestic animals. The bear, wolf, fox, squirrel, 
and hawk, are wild animals. 

A beast of prey, is an animal that devours other 
animals ; as a lion, leopard, panther, and tiger. 

Animals that eat flesh, such as the dog, wolf, 
and lion, are called carnivorous. 

Animals that feed on grass, such as the horse, 
cow, and sheep, are called graminivorous. 

Animals that live in flocks or herds, as sheep, 
geese, and bees, are called gregarious. 

It is said of a man who cannot see — he is blind. 

If he cannot hear — he is deaf. 

If he cannot speak — he is dumb. 

If he cannot move — he is motionless. 

If he cannot feel — he is senseless. 

Questions upon the preceding section. 

Who is a divine agent ? Who ai e human agents ? What 
things are called the works of nature ? Why do you call these 
the works of nature ? What are the works of art ? Why are 
they called the works of art ? What are the works of instinct? 
Why are they called works of instinct ? Can you name some 
things that are animate? Why do you call them animate ? 
What things are called inanimate ? Why ? What things have 
animal life ? What have vegetable life ? What animals are 
domestic ? What animals are wild ? What is a beast of prey ? 
What are carnivorous animals ? What are graminivorous ? 
What are gregarious ? What is said of a man who cannot see ? 
What, if he cannot hear ? What, if he cannot speak ? What, 
if he cannot move? What, if he cannot feel ? 

SELECT SENTENCES. 

Our best friends are those who tell us of our 
faults, and teach us how to correct them. 

Good or bad habits formed in youth, general- 
y go with us through life. 



J 00 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 

com mun ion 



SECTION LV. 

In the following section, i before a vowel, has the sound of 
y ; thus, al-ien, fil-ial, are pronounced ale-yen, jil-yaL 

2 

pill ion 
pin ion 
runn ion 
scull ion 
trill ion 
triv ial 
val iant 
brill ian cy 
val iant ly 

3 

warr iour 



l 

Al ien 
court ier 
seign ior 
pav ier 
al ien ate 



ba^n io 
Well ium 
bil ious 
bill iards 
brill iant 
cull ion 
filial 
gall iard 
mill ion 
min ion 



coll ier 
pon iard 

8 

on ion 



ci vil ian 
com pan ion 
con viv ial 
fa mil iar 
me dall ion 
mo dill ion 
o pin ion 
pa vil ion 
pos till ion 
punc til ious 
ras call ion 
re bell ion 
re bell ious 
ver mil ion 



SECTION LVI. 



In the following section, s and z, have the sound of zh 3 when 
preceded by a vowel and followed by ?', or u : thus, meas-ure, 
vis-ion, are pronounced mezh-ure, vizh-un. 



1 

A zure 
bra sier 
fu sion 
gla zier 
o sier 
ra sure 
u su ry 

meas urj 



treas lire 
vis ion 

l 
ad he sion 
al lu sion 
com po sure 
con clu sion 
de lu sion 
dif fu sion 



ef lu sion 
en clo sure 
e ro sion 
e va sion 
ex clu sion 
ex plo sion 
ex po sure 
in fu sion 
in va sion 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



101 



1 
oc ca sion 
per sua sion 
pro fu sion 

2 

al lis ion 
de cis ion 



de ris ion 
di vis ion 
in cis ion 
pre cis ion 
re cis ion 
re vis ion 



cas u al ty 
vis ion a ry 

l 
oc ca sion al 
un u su al 
oc ca sion al ly 



SECTION LVIL 

In the following section, s when followed by u, has the sound 
of sh ; thus, sure, is pronounced shure. 



Sure 


cen sur er 


as su ranee 


sure ly 


is sue less 


as su rer 


sure ness 


sen su al 


en su ranee 


sure ty 


cen su ra ble 


en su rer 


2 


sen su al ist 


as su red ly 


cen sure 


sen su al ize 


2 


fis sure 


sen su al ly 


com pres sure 


is sue 


l 


]m pres sure 


pres sure 


as sure 


2 


ten sure 


en sure 


sen su al i ty 



SECTION LVIII. 

[n the following section, ch has the sound of sh ; thus, chaise, 
is pronounced shaze. 



Chaise 

2 

tren chant 

4 

char la tan 

l 
cha made 



cham p&ign 
chi cane 
chi ca ner 
chi ca ner y 

10 

cha grin 
ma chine 



10 

ma chin er y 

l 
chan de Ker 
chev a Ker 
deb au chee 

10 

cap u chin 



102 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LIX. 

In the following section, h is silent when preceded by c, 
which has the sound of k. 



1 

AcAe 
cAyle 
scheme 
cAa os 
cAo ral 
cAo rus 
e pocA 
li lacA 
o cAre 

te trarcA 

2 
cAasm 
cArism 
an arcA 
an cAor 
cAris^ en 
christ mas 
dis ticA 
ecA o 
pas cAal 

3 

chord 

4 

ar chives 

5 

cAol er 



mon arcA 
scAol ar 

6 

scAool 

8 

stom acA 

l 
en cAa rist 
hi e rarcA 
pa tri arcA 
hi e rar chj 

2 

an ar chy 
an cAor age 
bac cAa nals 
cat e chise 
cat e cAism 
cat e cAist 
cAam o mile 
cAar ac ter 
cAris£ en dom 
cArys a lis 
cArys o lite 
mecA an ism 
micA ae\ mas 
sac cAa rine 



sep ul cAre 
mel an cAol y 

3 

or cAes tre 

4 

ar cAe type 
ar cAi tect 
harp si cAord 

5 

cAron i cal 
cAron i cle 
mon ar cAy 

ol i gar cAy 

l 
arcA an gel 
cAi me ra 
mos cAe to 

2 

cAi mer i cal 
me cAan i cal 
cAi mer i cal ly 
me cAan i cal ly 

5 

cAi rog ra phy 
cAronol o ger 
cAro nol o gy 



Reflection. 

How pleasant it is, at the close of the day, 

No foliies to have to repent ! 
But reflect on the past, and be able to say, 

M) time has been properly spent. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



103 




SECTION LX. 

THE HONEY BEE. 

Here, Charles, is another picture. We shall now 
tell you something about the bees. Here is a represen- 
tation of a bee-hive, where they make their honey. 
Near the hive is some honey-comb ; and just above the 
comb are some bees ; the queen, the drone, and the 
common honey-bee. 

On the other side of the hive is a boy with a book in 
his hand, who is looking to see the little bees at work, 
making honey. The bee is a noble pattern of skill and 
industry, to which we are indebted for one of the most 
palatable and wholesome sweets that nature affords. 

See how active they are in going in and out the 
hive ; and this busy life never ceases during the season 
in which it is proper for them to lay in food, and to store 
their cells for winter. 

If we may believe what writers say of them, they all 
have their seperate offices and labours, as if they were 
under the strictest discipline. When the season arrives 
in which they begin to build their comb, they divide 
themselves into distinct bands for service. 



104 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 



One party, like servants in a family, is wholly taken 
up in providing food for those which are employed in 
the work. Another party is engaged in flying abroad 
into the fields and gardens, to cull the sweets of flowers, 
from which they make their wax and honey. A third 
is employed in the hive, to receive what the former 
brings home, and to work it up into the different cells. 

And what is remarkable, though all are thus engaged, 
and every one so busy, yet none of them breaks in upon 
another's province, or interrupts him in his work, so as 
to make disorder in the hive. 

One thing more we may notice concerning these lit tie 
creatures, because we may learn from it a very useful 
lesson ; and that is their cleanliness ; for if by accident 
any thing oiTensive gets into their hive, they have no 
rest until it is removed. 

For this purpose, if one bee has not power to do it, 
others assist ; and if it should prove too big or too heavy 
for their united efforts to accomplish, they then contrive 
to get it into one corner, and there cover it over with 
a kind of glue, somewhat like their honey ; so that no 
smell or offence may arise from it to hurt them. 

Thus you see how the little bees improve their time : 
they labour hard to gather honey during the summer, 
and lay up a store for winter, when the herbs and flow- 
ers are dead, and the weather cold and dreary. 

And I hope, dear children, that you will employ your 
time well, like the little busy bee, and never idle away 
your hours in the streets or fields, but improve your 
time in useful study while you are young, and not neg- 
lect what will be for your good all your life-time. 

And like that busy insect, we should learn to make 
all things turn to our use, and be of service to us. 
There is nothing so small or minute but it may be made 
of use ; nothing so bad in nature but that we may draw 
from it some profit, or lesson to instruct us ; and by 
choosing the good, and turning from evil, we may pur- 
chase to ourselves peace here, and the hopes of a bright- 
er reward in a future state. 



j 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 105 

How doth the little busy bee 

Improve each shining hour$ 
And gather honey all the day* 

From every opening flower ! 

How skilfully she builds her cell ! 

How neat she spreads the wax ! 
And labours hard to store it well* 

With the sweet food she makes* 

In works of labour, or of skill, 

I would be busy too ; 
For Satan finds some mischief still* 

For idle hands to do* 

In books, or work, or healthful play, 

Let my first years be past; 
That I may give for every day 

Some good account at last. 



SECTION LXL 

Description of various causes of Death. 

Death is ceasing to live. Some of the'things which 
occasion death, are sickness, fire, water, smoke, cold, 
hunger, intemperance, passion, and violence, 

When death is occasioned by sickness, it is called a 
natural death. 

When by fire, it is called burning. 

When by water, it is called drowning. 

When by the heat of liquids, it is called scalding* 

When by bad air or smoke, it is called suffocating. 

When by cold, it is called freezing. 

When by hunger, it is called starving. 

When one is killed by another without design, it is 
called manslaughter. 

When by violence, it is called murder. 

There are several kinds of murder ; when one is mur- 
dered by his own child, it is called parricide. 

When by a brother, it is called fratricide. 



( ^afe^Tt^ififlggi^^ 



106 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



When ah infant is murdered* it is called infanticide. 
When a king is murdered, it is called regicide. 
When one kills himself, it is called suicide, 

Questions on the preceding Section* 

What is deaths What are some of the things which occasion 
death 1 When death is occasioned by sickness* what is it called 1 
When by fire, what? When by water* what? When by heat of 
liquids* What 1 When by bad air or smoke* what 1 When by cold, 
What? When by hunger, what] When one is killed by another, 
without design* what is it called % When by violence, what 1 When 
one is murdered by his own child* what is it called? When by a broth- 
er* what 1 When an infant is murdered* what is it called 1 When a 
king* What 1 When one kills himself, what is it called ] 



SECTION LXII. 

Words in which g and c are soft, like j and $, at the end 
of accented syllables ; or, in which the accented syllables end 
with a short vowel, followed by g and c soft. Thus, frig-id 9 
ac-id, otffi-gid, a-tid, are pronounced, frij-id, as-id. 

Teachers differ in opinion as to the best method of dividing this 
class of words : some wish to have the accented syllables end with g 
and c according to the division under the first example ; others wish 
to have the accented syllables terminate with a short vowel, accord- 
ing to the division under the second example. The words are there- 
fore divided both ways ; the orthography and pronunciation being the 
same, that each one may have the privilege of teaching according to 
his own notions of division. 

EXAMPLE I. 

2 2 2 

Dig it leg i ble veg e tate 

frag We leg is late vig il ance 

frig id mag i cal vig il ant 

leg er mag is trate 2 

pag eant pag eant ry re lig ion 

pig eon reg i cide re lig ious 

rig id reg i men pro dig ions 

vig il reg i ment o rig i nal . 

ag i tate reg is ter 2 

flag e let trag e dy ac id 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK, 



107 



plac id 
tac it 
ac id ness 
dec i mal 
lac er ate 
mac er ate 
pac i fy 
prec e dent 
prec i pice 
rec i pe 
spec i men 
nee es sa ry 

5 

doc He 

2 

Di git 

fra gile 
fri gid 
le ger 
pa geant 
pi geon 
ri gid 
vi gil 
a gi tate 
fla ge let 
le gi ble 
le gis late 
ma gi cal 
ma gis trate 
pa geant ry 
re gi cide 
re gi men 



proc ess 

2 

e lie it 
ex plic it 
il lie it 
im plic it 
ca pac i tate 
ca pac i ty 
du plic i ty 
fe lie i ty 
lo quae i ty 
men dac i ty 
ra pac i ty 
rus tic i ty 

EXAMPLE He 

2 

re gi ment 
re gis ter 
tra ge dy 
ve ge tate 
vi gil ance 
vi gil ant 

2 

re li gion 
re li gious 
pro di gious 
o ri gi nal 

2 

a cid 
pla cid 
ta cit 
a cid ness 
de ci mal 



sa gac i ty 
sim plic i ty 
ve rac i ty 
vi vac i ty 

5 

a troc i ty 
fe roc i ty 
ve loc i ty 

2 

au then tic i ty 
du o dec i mo 
ec cen trie i ty 
e las tic i ty 
e lee trie i ty 



la cer ate 
ma cer ate 
pa ci fy 
pre ce dent 
pre ci pice 
re ci pe 
spe ci men 
ne ces sa ry 

5 

do cile 

pro cess 

2 

e li cit 
ex pli cit 
il li cit 
im pli cit 
ca pa ci tate 



108 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

2 2 5 

ca pa ci ty sa ga ci ty ve lo ci ty 

du pli ci ty sim pli ci ty 2 

fe li ci ty ve ra ci ty au then ti ci ty 

lo qua ci ty vi va ci ty du o de ci mo 

men da ci ty 5 ec cen tri ci ty 

ra pa ci ty a tro ci ty e las ti ci ty 

rus ti ci ty fe ro ci ty e lee tri ci ty 

SECTION LXIII. 

In the following words, ti and ci have the sound of she when 
followed by a vowel and the accent precedes : thus, sa.'-ti-ate, 
gla'-ci-ate, are pronounced, sa' -she-ate, gla' -she-ate* 

1 1 1 

Sa ti ate ap pre ci a ting in sa ti able ness 

gla ci ate as so ci a ting 2 

i con so ci a ting an nun ci ate 

ap pre ci ate dis so ci a ting e nun ci ate 

as so ci ate e ma ci a ting li cen ti ate 

con so ci ate ex pa ti a ting sub stan ti ate 

ex pa ti ate in gra ti a ting an nun ci a ting 

dis so ci ate ne go ti a ting e nun ci a ting 

in sa ti ate fi du ci a ry e nun ci a tive 

e ma ci ate in sa ti a b\e sub stanti a ting 

in gra ti ate in sa ti a bly 1 

ne go ti ate ne go ti a tor brag ga do ci o 

In the following words, ti has the sound of she when follow- 
ed by a vowel ; and the preceding syllable is pronounced as 
if it ended with sh : thus vi'-ti-ate, is pronounced, vish'-e-ate. 

2 2 2 

Vi ti ate no vi ti ate pro pi ti a to ry 

vi ti a ting pro pi ti ate 1 

vi ti a ted pro pi ti a ting vi ti a tion 

2 pro pi ti a ted 1 

in i ti ate pro pi ti a tor in i ti a tion 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



109 



SECTION LXIV. 

In the following words, u, when preceded by an accented 
syllable, has the sound of yu. 

The pronunciation of this class of words, is not uniformly settled. 
That formerly adopted, to a great extent, was to pronounce them as 
if written na-ter, naUer-al : a more common enunciation at present, is 
that of na'-tshure, natslV -u-ral : but the true pronunciation, seems to be 
that of giving all the letters their proper sound ; as if written nate'- 
yure, not' -iju-ral. This pronunciation has been sanctioned by several 
lexicographers, and is now adopted by many of our best speakers. It 
is by far the most elegant, and analogical. The u in these words is 
not sounded as long, or as short, as when under the accent ; the true 
pronunciation seems to lie between both ; which may be termed the 
unaccented long u.* 

3 

fort une 
tort ure 

act u al 
act u ate 



ad vent ure 
en rapt ure 



Creat ure 
feat ure 
nat ure 

2 

capt ure 

cult ure 

fixt ure 

gest ure 

mixt ure 

nurt ure 

past ure 

pict ure 

rapt ure 

rupt ure 

script ure 

stat ue 

stat ure 

stat ute 

struct ure 

vent ure 

vest ure 

vult ure 

* In teaching this section, if any wish to give t the sound of tsh, they 
can adopt this pronunciation without any inconvenience. 

10 



cent u ry 
nat u ral 
pet u lance 
pet u lant 
rapt ur ous 
script u ral 
vent ur ous 
act u al ly 
nat u ral ist 
nat u ral ize 
nat u ral ly 
stat u a ry 
sum^t u a ry 
tit u la ry 

3 

fort u nate 
fort u nate ly 



in dent ure 
ac cent u ate 
ad vent ur er 
ad vent ur ous 
con grat u late 
con stit u ent 
ef feet u al 
ha bit u al 
im pet u ous 
in fat u ate 
per pet u al 
per pet u ate 
tu mult u ous 
un nat u ral 
vo lupt u ous 
ef feet u al ly 
ha bit u al ly 
per pet u al ly 

2 

re ca pit u late 



110 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXV. 

Words ending in ic or ick. 

The orthography of this class of words is not entirely settled. In 
words of one syllable, when this termination is preceded by i, and in 
all words when preceded by any other vowel, the k is almost uniform- 
ly annexed : but in words of more than one syllable, when this termi- 
nation is preceded by i, the most common practice is to omit the k. 
The dictionaries mostly used at present, which are those of Dr. Web- 
ster and Mr. Walker, disagree in this termination ; as will be seen 
by the following words.* 



Webster. Walker 

1 1 

Cu bic cu bick 

mu sic mu sick 

2 2 

crit ic crit ick 

mys tic rnys tick 

phihis ic phihis ick 

rus tic rus tick 



com ic 
op tic 
top ic 



com ick 
op tick 
top ick 



bo tan ic bo tan ick 



Webster. Walker. 

2 2 

do mes tic do mes tick 

dra mat ic dra mat ick 

em pir ic em pir ick 

fa nat ic fa nat ick 

fo ren sic fo ren sick 

in trin sic in trin sick 

mag net ic mag net ick 

ma jes tic ma jes tick 

or gan ic or gan ick 

pa cif ic pa cif ick 

pro Jif ic pro lif ick 

pro phet ic pro phet ick 



Words ending in or, or our. 
The number of words in the language, with this termination, is 
about three hundred. These, with the exception of about forty or 
fifty, are uniformly written without the u; as author, actor, doctor, 
major, sailor, tailor, tutor, &c. In the following list, the most common 
practice of our best writers, is, to retain the u ; although some exclude 
it altogether. 

Webster. Walker. 

1 1 

fa vor foi mour 

fla vor la bour 



Walker. 

1 

Fa vour 
fla vour 



Webster. 

1 

hn mor 
la bor 



* The final k has been retained in the dictionaries of Johnson, Sheri- 
dtm, Walker, Jones, and Jameson : but it has been omitted in the dic- 
tionaries of Martin, Ash, Fennmg, Entick, Browne, Barclay, Dyche, 
(17th edition) Scott, Perry, Buchanan, Macredie, Webster, Maunder, 
and Worcester. 



Jl 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK 


111 


I Walker, 


Webster* Walker* 


Webster* 


1 


1 2 


2 


o dour 


o dor 


val our 


val or 


ru mour 


ru mor 


vig our 


vig or 


sa vour 


sa vor 


4 


4 


sav iour* 


sav ior* 


ar bour 


ar bor 


tu mour 


tu mor 


ar dour 


ar dor 






ar mour 


ar mor 


va pour 

2 


va por 

2 


har bour 


har bor 


can dour 


can dor 


par lour 


par lor 


clam our 


clam or 


5 

Aon our 


5 

hon or 


rig our 


rig or 


8 


8 


splen dom 


f splen dor 


col our 


col or 


SECTION LXVL 


Difficult an 


d irregular words, which do not belong to the 


preceding sections ; with the pronunciation opposite each word. 


Written* 


Pronounced, Written. 


Pronounced. 
2 
flam boze 


Ewe 


j 


flam beaux 




2 


hie cough 


hik kup 


been 


bin 


nepli ew 


nev vu 


once 


wuns 


pret ty 


prit ty 


one 


wun 


saf fron 


saf furn 


says 


sez 




6 




6 


cou rier 


koo reer 


rouge 


roozh 




1 


sous 


soo 


main tain 


men tane 




1 


suf fice 


suf fize 


a pron 


a purn 




2 


haut boy 


ho boy 


a gain 


a gen 


i ron 


i urn 


a gainst 


a genst 


i sland 


i land 


dis cern 


diz zern 


puis ne 


pu ne 




2 


vis count 


vi kount 


and i ron 


and i urn 




2 


grid i ron 


grid i urn 


anx ious 


angk shus 


hal cy on 


hal she un 


breech es 


brich iz 


sac ri fice 


sak kre fize 


busi ness 


biz nes 




3 


cob nel 


kur nel 


nau se ate 


naw she ate 


christ ian 


krist yun 




2 


eng lish 


ing glish 


dis cern ment 


diz zern ment 


, flam beau 


flam bo 


port man teau 


port man to 


L 


* i like y 


1 



^-■•'^•'•^irriiriwraai^^^^ 



112 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 

SECTION LXVIL 

Evening* 

The day declines ; the sinking sun 
Hastes down the redd'ning skies 3 

The hills receive his last shot ray, 
Then hide him from our eyes. 

And now still night her empire spreads 

In silence far and near ; 
No sound is heard, except the breeze? 

That lulls the listening ear« 

The sparkling stars in order rise, 
And spread the vast profound ; 

The moon next shows her silver face? 
And lightens all around. 

While thus I view these pleasing scenes? 

Which strike my ravished sight? 
O may I not forgetful be, 

Of him who made the night. 



SECTION LXVIIL 
Morning. 

The morning dawns ; the rising sun 

Strews blushes o'er the sky ; 
Men to their several callings run? 

To their's all creatures hie. 

The lark with her enliv'ning note? 

Soars upward, as she sings ; 
The warbling goldfinch swells his throat, 

And spreads his gaudy wings. 

The gen'rous cow her treasure yields? 

The milk-maid's pail to fill ; 
The lab'ring horse stalks to the fields? 

The fruitful earth to till. 

In every landscape there is seen? 

Divine, creative power ; 
Else what could clothe the fields with green, 

Or form the od'rous flower ? 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 113 

SECTION LXIX. 

Creative Power. 

God made the sun, and gave him light; 
He made the moon to shine by night ; 
He placed the brilliant stars on high. 
And leads them through the midnight sky. 

He made the earth in order stand, 
He made the ocean and the land ; 
He made the hills their places know, 
And gentle rivers round them flow. 

He made the forest, and sustains 
The grass that clothes the fields and plains ; 
He sends from heaven the summer showers, 
And makes the meadows bright with flowers. 

He called all beings into birth 
That crowd the ocean, air, and earth ; 
And all in Heaven and earth proclaim 
The glory of his holy name. 



SECTION LXX. 
Goodness of the Creator. 
God warmed with life our mortal parts, 
He made the blood flow round our hearts ; 
He made our pulse beat calm and still, 
Our limbs move lightly at our will. 

He made the eye that gazes round ; 
The ear, alive to every sound; 
The tongue, to make our wishes known ; 
The soul, an image of his own. 

In early youth he made us know 
The way in which our feet should go ; 
He gave us precepts, plain and few, 
For all good deeds that we should do. 

A thousand joys our God hath given, 
Our peace on earth, our hopes of Heaven ; 
And all our souls shall join to raise 
An offering of immortal praise. 

"~ — 10* ' ""' "' "■ ~" 



114 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXL 
Reasons for not using Ardent Spirits. 

1. Because it forms habits of intemperance ; which 
produces poverty, and is an inlet to almost every vice that 
can be named, 

2. Because it gives a man red eyes, a bloated face, and 
an empty purse. 

3. Because it poisons the blood, and destroys the organs 
of digestion. 

4. Because it shortens more lives than famine, pesti- 
lence, and the sword. 

5. Because it corrupts both body and mind, and brings 
down man to a level with the brute. 

6. Because it destroys the purest principles of morali- 
ty ; the noblest sentiments of honour, and the finest feel- 
ings of humanity. 

The Ten Commandments, versified. 

1 . Thou shalt have no more Gods than me. 

2. Before no idol bow thy knee. 

3. Take not the name of God in vain ; 

4. Wor dare the sabbath-day profane. 

5. Give both thy parents honour due. 

6. Take heed that thou no murder do. 

7. Abstain from words and deeds unclean ; 

8. KTor steal^though thou art poor and mean. 

9. Jtfor make a wilful lie, nor love it : 

10. What is thy neighbour's do not covet. 



oxra saviouh's gox-den ruXiE- 
&5e uotc to otue^ Kind and tzue / 

*Jv4> uou/d nave otfoeu v-e to uoa; 

<Jfond neitnet ao no^ d>au to men, 

(: %L/nate'e^ uoa wou/a not tafoe aaa&n. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



115 



SECTION LXXII. 




FABLE* I. 
The Wolf in disguise. 

A Wolf, by frequent visits to a flock of sheep, began 
to be extremely well known to them : he therefore 
thought it expedient, for the more successfully carrying 
on his depredations, to appear in a new character. 

To this end he disguised himself in a shepherd's 
dress ; and resting his fore feet upon a stick, which 
served him by way of a crook, he softly made his ap- 
proach towards the fold. 

It happened that the shepherd and his dog were both 
extended on the grass, asleep ; so that he would certain- 
ly have succeeded in his project, had he not imprudently 
attempted to imitate the shepherd's voice. 

The horrid noise awakened them both ; when the 
wolf, encumbered with his disguise, and finding it im- 
possible to resist or flee, yielded up his life an easy prey 
to the shepherd's dog". 

MORAL. 

There would be but little chance of detecting hypocrisy, were it 
not always addicted to overact its part. 

* Fables are fictions or feigned stories ; designed to amuse, and at the same 
time to enforce moral instruction. 



116 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



FABLE II. 




The Fox and the Raven. 

A fox observing a raven perched on the branch of a 
tree, with a fine piece of cheese in her mouth, immedi- 
ately began to consider how he might possess so deli- 
cious a morsel. 

"Dear madam/' said he, "lam extremely glad to 
have the pleasure of seeing you this morning ; your 
beautiful shape and shining feathers are the delight of 
my eyes." 

" Would you condescend to favour me with a song ? 
I doubt not but your voice is equal to the rest of your 
accomplishments." 

Deluded with this flattering speech, the transported 
raven opened her mouth in order to give him a specimen 
of her pipe, when down dropped the cheese, which the 
fox instantly snatched up, and bore away in triumph ; 
leaving the raven to lament her credulous vanity at her 
leisure. 

MORAL* 

Wherever flattery gains admission, it seems to banish 
common sense. 
* Moral, is the meaning or instruction inculcated by a fable. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



117 



FABLE III. 




The Monkey and the Cats. 

Two cats having stolen some cheese, could not agree 
how to divide the prize. In order to settle the dispute, 
they at last consented to refer the case to a monkey ; 
who took upon himself the office of judge : and holding a 
pair of scales, put a part into each scale. 

" Let me see," said he, " this lump outweighs the 
other ;" so he immediately bit off a considerable piece, 
in order, as he said, to make them both equal. 

The opposite scale had now become the heaviest, 
which afforded the conscientious judge an additional rea- 
son for a second mouthful. 

" Hold, hold," said thecats, who began to fear the issue, 
"give us our respective shares, and we shall be satisfied." 
" If you are satisfied," said the monkey, " justice is not ; 
a case of this nature is by no means so soon determined." 

The poor cats seeing their cheese so much diminished, 
entreated him to give himself no more trouble, but deliv- 
er to them what remained. 

u Not so fast, friends," said the monkey ; " we owe jus- 
tice to the court as well as to vou : what remains is due 



118 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



to me in right of my office :" upon which he crammed the 
whole into his mouth, and gravely dismissed the court. 

MORAL." 
The scales of the law are seldom poised, till little or 
nothing remains in either. 



FABLE IV. 




The Farmer and the Snake. 

An honest farmer observing a snake lying under a 
hedge, almost frozen to death, was moved with compas- 
sion ; and bringing it home, he laid it upon the hearth, 
near the fire. 

Thus warmed and cherished, the snake shortly began 
to revive : but no sooner had he recovered strength enough 
to do mischief, than he sprang upon the farmer's wife, bit 
one of his children, and in short, threw the whole family 
into confusion and terror. 

" Ungrateful wretch !" said the man ; " thou hast suffi- 
ciently taught me how ill-judged it is to confer benefits 
on the worthless and undeserving/' So saying, he im- 
mediately snatched up a hatchet, and cut the snake in 
pieces. 

MORAL. 

To confer power upon the mischievous, or favours on 
the undeserving, is a misapplication of our benevolence. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



119 



FABLE V. 




The Wolf and the Crane. 

A wolf with too much greediness, swallowed a bone ; 
which unfortunately stuck in his throat. In the violence 
of his pain, he applied to several animals,earnestly entrea- 
ting them to extract it. 

None of them dared hazard the dangerous experiment, 
except the crane ; who, persuaded by his solemn pro- 
mises of a compensation, ventured to thrust her enormous 
length of neck down his throat ; and having succesfully 
performed the operation, claimed the recompense. 

" See how unreasonable some creatures are," said the 
wolf ; " have I not suffered thee safely to draw thy neck 
out of my jaws, and hast thou the conscience to demand 
a further reward ?" 

MORAL. 

The utmost extent of some men's gratitude, is barely 
to refrain from oppressing and injuring their benefactors. 



FABLE VI. 
The Eagle and the Crow. 
An eagle, from the top of a high mountain, pounced 
upon a lamb, and bore it away to her young. A crow 



120 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



observing what passed, was ambitious of performing the 
same exploit ; and darting from her nest, fixed her talons 
in the fleece of another lamb. 

But neither able to move her prey, nor to disentangle 
her feet, she was taken up by the shepherd, and carried 
home to his children for a plaything, who eagerly inquir- 
ed what bird it was ? 

An hour ago, said the father, she fancied herself an 
eagle : however, by this time, 1 suppose she is convin- 
ced of being only a crow. 

MORAL. 

A false estimate of our abilities, exposes us to ridicule, 
and sometimes to danger. 



FABLE VII. 




The Farmer and his three Enemies. 

A wolf, a fox, and a rabbit, happened one evening to be fora- 
ging in different parts of a farmer's yard. Their first at- 
tempt was very successful, and they returned to their several 
quarters in safety. 

However, they were perceived by. the farmer's watchful 
eye; who immediately placed several kinds of snares, air I 
made each his prisoner in the next attempt. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 121 

He first took the rabbit to task ; who confessed she had 
eaten a few turnip-tops, merely to satisfy her hunger ; and be- 
sought him piteously to spare her life, promising never to en- 
ter his grounds again. 

He next examined the fox ; who in a fawning obsequious 
tone, protested that he came into his premises through no other 
motive than pure good will, to restrain the rabbits and other 
vermin from the plunder of his corn. 

And he further added, that whatever evil tongues might say, 
he had too much regard both for him and for justice, to be in 
the least guilty of any dishonest action. 

He then, lastly, examined the wolf; asking what business 
brought him within the purlieus of a farmer's yard? The wolf 
very impudently declared, it was with the view of destroying 
his lambs, to which he had an undoubted right. 

The farmer, he said, was the only felon, who robbed the 
community of wolves of what was meant to be their proper 
food : that this, at least, was his opinion ; and whatever fate 
attended him, he should not scruple to risk his life in the pur- 
suit of his lawful prey. 

The farmer having heard their pleas, determined the cause 
in the following manner : the rabbit, said he, deserves compas- 
sion for the penitence she shows, and the humble confession 
she has made. 

As for the fox and wolf, let them be hanged together : cri- 
minals alike with respect to their crimes, they have alike 
heightened their equal guilt, by the aggravations of hypocri- 
sy and impudence. 

MORAL. 

Humility extenuates a crime, of which hypocrisy and im- 
pudence are equal aggravations. 

FABLE VIII. 
The Wolf and the Shepherds. 
A wolf, peeping into a hut, where a company of shep- 
herds were regaling themselves with a joint of mutton, 
— "bless me," said he, " what a clamour these men would 
have raised if they had catched me at such a banquet." 

MORAL. 
We often censure that conduct in others, which we 
practice ourselves without scruple. 







122 THE PICTORIAL SPSLLING-BOOK. 


SECTION LXX1IL 


The following section is composed of words, in which two or more 


words have the same sound, but 


are different in spelling and signifi- 


cation. 


I 


Azl, a disease. 


Break, to part by force. 


Ale, a kind of beer, 


Bread, food. 


Air, an element. 


Bred, brought up. 


Heir, to an estate. 


Buy, to purchase. 


All, every one. 


By, a particle. 


Awl, an instrument. 


But, except. 


Al' tar, for sacrifice. 


Butt, a vessel. 


Al' ter, to change. 


Call, to cry out. 


As cent', steepness, [ing. 


Caul, of the bowels. 


As sent', the act of agree- 


Ceil' ing, the inner roof. 


Bazl, a surety. 


Seal' ing, setting of a seal. 


Bale, a pack of goods. 


Cell, a hut. 


Ball, a round substance. 


Sell, to dispose of. 


Bawl, to cry aloud. 


Cel' lar, the lowest room. 


Bare, naked. 


SeP ler, one who sells. 


Bear, a beast ; to suffer 


Cere, to wax over. 


Base, mean, vile. 


Sear, to burn. 


Bass, a part in music. 


Seer, a prophet. 


Be, to exist. 


Cent, a copper coin. 


Bee, an insect* 


Scent, smell. 


Beach, the shore. 


Sent, did send. 


Beech, a kind of tree. 


Col lar, for the neck. 


Beat, to strike. 


Choi er, anger, rage. 


Beet, a root. 


Cite, to summon. 


Beer, a liquor, [dead. 


Site, situation. 


Bier, a carriage for the 


Sight, the sense of seeing. 


Bell, a sounding vessel. 


Clause, a sentence. 


Belle, a gay young lady 


Claws, the feet of birds. 


Ber ry, a small fruit. 


Clim£, to ascend. 


Bur y, to inter the dead. 


Clime, climate, region. 


Blew, did blow. 


Close, to shut up. 


Blue, a kind of colour, 


Clones, garments. 


Bow, to shoot with. 


Coarse, not fine. 


Beau, a gay fellow. 


Cowrse, direction. 


Though, a branch. 


Cof fer, a chest for money. 


Bow, an act of civility. 


Cottgh' er, one who coughs. 


Brake, a kind of plant. 


Core, the inner part. 











THE PICTORIAI 


. ....... , 

, SPELLING-BOOK. 123 


Corps, a body of soldiers. 
1 Cous' in, relation. 


Glare, to dazzle* 
Grate, for coals. 


| Coz' en, a cheat. 


Great, large. 


Cyg' net, a young swan. 
Sig' net, a seal. 


Groan, to sigh. 
Grown, increased. 


Dam, to stop water. 


Hail, to salute. 


Damn, to condemn. 


Hale, sound, healthy. 


Dear, costly. 


Hair, of the head. 


Deer, a wild animal. 


Hare, an animal. 


Dew, moisture. 


Hall, a court of justice. 


Due, owed. 


Haul, to pull, to draw. 


Die, to expire. 


Hart, an animal. 


Dye, to colour. 


Heart, the seat of life. 


Doe a female deer. 


Heal, to cure. 


Dough, unbaked paste. 
Dun, brown colour. 


Heel, part of the foot. 
Hear, to perceive by the ear. 


Done, performed. 


Here, in this place. 


Fain, gladly. 


Herd, a number of beasts. 


Fane, a temple. 


Heard did hear. 


Feign, to dissemble. 


Hew, to cut. 


Faint, languid. [ance. 


Hue, a colour, 


Feint, a false appear- 
Fair, beautiful. 


Hugh, a man's name. 
Hie, to hasten. 


Fare, food. 

Feet, plural of foot. 


High, elevated, lofty. 
Him, that man. 


Feat, action, exploit. 
Fel loe, rim of a wheel. 


Hymn, a song of adoration. 
Hole, a hollow place. 


Fel low, an associate. 


Whole, total. 


Flea, an insect. . 


Hay, dried grass. 


Flee, to run away. 
Flew, did fly. 


Hey, an expression of joy. 
Ho, a sudden exclamation. 


Flue, soft down. 


Hoe, a garden tool. 


Fore, before. 


In, within. 


Four, twice two. 


Inn, a tavern. 


Foul, filthy, unclean. 
Fowl, a bird. 


Kill, to slay. 
Kilw, of brick. 


Freeze, to congeal. 


Lacks, doth lack. 


Frieze, a coarse cloth. 


Lax, looseness. 


Gate, a kind of door. 


Lade, to dip water. 


Gait, manner of walking. 


Laid, placed. 


Gilt, adorned with gold. 


Lane, a narrow street. 


Gwilt, crime, an offence. 


Lain, did lie. 


1 Glaire, the white of an egg. 


Leaf, of a tree. 







124 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


Lief, willingly. 


Mown, cut down. 


Led, did lead. 


Moat, a ditch. 


Lead, heavy metal. 


Mote, a small particle. 


Leek, a root. 


Nap, a short sleep. 


Leak, to run out. 


i£nap, to bite. 


Les' sen, to make less. 


Nay, no. 


Les' son, a task. 


Neigh, the voice of a horse. 


Links, part of a chain. 


Nave, of a wheel. 


Lynx, a beast. 


ifnave, a rascal. 


Li' ar, a teller of lies. 


Neal, to temper by heat. 


Lyre, a harp. 


iTneel, to bend the knee. 


Lim&, a member. 


New, not old. 


Limn, to paint. 


.Knew, did know. 


Lo, behold. 


Night, the time of darkness. 


Low, humble. 


Knight, a title of honour. 


Lock, to close fast. 


No, not so. 


Lough, a lake. 


Know, to understand. 


Lone, single. 


Nose, of the face. 


Loan, any thing lent. 


Knows, doth know. 


Made, did make. [man. 


Nun, a female recluse. 


Maid, an unmarried wo. 


None, not any. 


Mail, a packet. 


Oar, to row with. 


Male, the he kind. 


Ore, metal unrefined. 


Mam, chief. 


Our, belonging to us. 


Mane, of a horse. 


Hour, sixty minutes. 


Mar' shal, an officer. 


Pail, a vessel, 


Mar' tial, warlike. 


Pale, faint of lustre. 


Meed, a reward. 


Pain, torment. 


Mead, a kind of drink 


Pane, a square of glass. 


Mean, of low rank. 


Pair, two of a sort. 


Mien, air, aspect. 


Pare, to cut off. 


Meat, flesh, food. 


Pear, a kind of fruit. 


Meet, to come together. 


Pause, a stop. 


Mete, to measure. 


Paws, feet of a beast. 


Me' ter, a measurer. 


Peace, quietness. 


Me' tre, poetical measure. 


Piece, a part. 


Mewl, to cry as a child. 


Peal, sound of bells. 


Mule, an animal. 


Peel, the skin or rind. 


Might, power. 


Plum, a kind of fruit. 


Mite, a small insect. 


Plum&, a weight on a line. 


Mi' ner, a worker in mines. Pole, a long stick. 


Mi' nor, one under age. 


Poll, the head. 


Moan, to lament. 


Prac' tice use, custom. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



125 



Prac' tise, to do habitual 
Pray, to supplicate. 
Prey, a booty. 

Prof 7 it, gain. 

Proph 7 ct, a foreteller. 
Ram, falling water. 
Re/n, part of a bridle. 
Kcign, to rule. 

Ra/se, to lift up. 

Rays, beams of light. 

Raze, to destroy. 
Rap, to strike. 
Wrap, to fold together. 

Red, a colour. 

Read, did read. 
Reed, a plant. 
Read, to peruse. 

Rest, ease. 

Wrest, to force. 
Right, just, true. 
Rite, ceremony. 
Write, to form letters. 
Wright, a workman. 

Ring, to sound. 

Wring, to twist. 
Road, the highway. 
Rode, did ride, 

Ruff, a neckcloth. 

Rough, not smooth. 
Rung, sounded. 
Wrung, twisted. 

Rye, a sort of grain. 

Wry, crooked. 
Sa/1, of a ship. 
Sale, the act of selling. 

Scene, part of a play. 

Seen, beheld. 

Sc/ne, a fish net. 
Sea, the ocean.- 
See, to behold. 

Scam, two edges joined. 

Seem, to appear. 



ly. Seas, great waters. 
Sees, doth see. 
Sezzc, to lay hold of. 

Shear, to cut with shears. 

Shire, a county. 
Size, bulk. 
Sighs, doth sigh. 

Sign, a token. 

Sine, a geometrical line. 
Slay, to kill. 
Sla?'e, a weaver's reed. 
Sley, to part into threads. 

Slight, neglect. 

Sleight, dexterity. 
So, thus. 

Sew, to join by threads. 
Sow, to scatter. 

Soar, to fly upwards. 

Sore, a tender place. 

Sow 7 er, one who sows. 
Sole, bottom of the foot. 
Sowl, the spirit. 

Sum, the whole. 

Some, a part. 
Sun, the fountain of light. 
Son, a male child. 

Sord, turf 

Sword, a weapon. 
Stare, to look earnestly. 
Stair, a step. 

Stake, a piece of wood. 

Steak, a slice of meat. 
Steal, to take by theft. 
Steel, hard metal. 

Stile, a set of steps. 

Style, manner of writing. 
Straight, not crooked. 
Strait, a narrow pass. 

Tacks, small nails. 

Tax, a rate. 
Tare, weight allowed. 
Tear, to rend. 

11* 



126 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Vale, a valley. 

Veil, a covering. 
Vain, useless. 
Vein, a blood vessel. 

Ware, merchandise. 



Wear, to consume. 
Weak, feeble. 
Week seven days. 

Wood, timber. 

Would, was willing. 



SECTION LXXIV. 

Description of the Four Seasons. 
SPRING. 




The spring months are March, April, and May. Now 
the gentle gales begin to blow, and soft descending 
showers moisten the earth. 

The ground is covered with young verdant flowers : 
the trees put forth green buds, and deck themselves 
with blossoms. All nature is beautified with bloom, 
and perfumed with fragrant odours. 

The birds fill every grove with the sweet melody of 
their notes : they join in pairs to build their little nests, 
which naughty boys often destroy. 

The careful farmer now ploughs his fields, casts his 
grain into the earth, and waits for harvest. 

The tender lambs are playing about on the green 
grass, among the sweet flowers : the cuckoo sings, and 
universal nature seems to rejoice. 



L 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 127 



SUMMER. 



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The summer months are June, July and August ; 
when the sun darts his heating rays with greater force 
on the earth, and lengthens out the day. 

The flocks and herds unable to endure the scorching 
heat, retire beneath the shade of some large spreading 
tree. 

Early in the morning, the industrious farmer walking 
forth with his scythe in his hand, goes into the mead- 
ow, and with a sweeping stroke cuts down the grass. 

The cheerful hay-makers with fork and rake soon 
follow. They toss, and turn, and spread the new-mown 
hay, and raise it into stacks. 

But behold ! the face of heaven is overcast ! black 
clouds arise, hoarse thunder at a distance first is heard, 
and soon the glaring flash, and loud amazing claps burst 
over their heads ; while from the teeming clouds the 
sudden shower with violence descends. 

But soon the shower is passed, and it is very pleas- 
ant again. How sweet the flowers smell ! the trees, 
the hedges, and the grass, look fresh and green. 

How beautiful are the fields of wheat ! The yellow 
harvest tempts the reaper's sickle, and the careful far- 
mer fills his spacious barn with various sorts of grain. 



128 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



AUTUMN OR FALL. 





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The Autumnal months are September, October, and 
November. The mellow orchards now afford their va- 
rious fruits, such as apple, peach, pear, quince, and fig. 

Now the grape vines are loaded with delicious fruit, 
and the juicy grapes hang in clusters upon the branches. 

Now the verdure of the plants decay ; the leaves of 
the forest are nipped with frost ; they turn red and yel- 
low, and present a beautiful variety of shades to charm 
the eye. 

The sanguine sportsmen now traverse the fields and 
groves, with various instruments of death. The wide 
spreading net entangles the fluttering covey, while the fa- 
tal gun brings down the frighted partridge, plover, or fine 
plumed pheasant. 

But hark ! the cry of hounds, and the voice of hunts- 
men strike the ear ; and see ! the bounding deer flies over 
the forest. 

Now in the tangling woods, the boys with eagerness 
pull down the clustering nuts. 

Nowthe laborious bees are robbed of their winter stock 
of honey, and cruelly murdered. 

But lo ! the rising mists at morn and evening, the chil- 
ling breeze, the falling leaves, and the decayed herbage, 
declare the approach of a more dreary season. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 129 





WINTER. 




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The winter months are December, January and Feb- 
ruary. Now the trees are all divested of their leaves. 

No birds fill the air with their sweet music ; no ver- 
dure clothes the plain, for the earth is covered with snow. 

The winds blow cold, storms arise, and the faint dim 
sun is scarcely seen or felt. 

The fur and wool supply warmth to the human race ; 
or round the cheerful fire they sit, and talk, and laugh, 
and sing, while through the long dark night the north 
wind blows, and the tempest roars. 

The powers of nature seem bound up or dead. The 
waters all congealed to ice, admit the crowds of sliding 
boys, or bolder youth with skates beneath their feet, who 
swiftly skim around the level surface. 

The careful farmer feeds his flocks and herds with 
hay ; and the thrasher in his barn, from morn to night, 
pursues the flail's laborious task. 

In Winter how white is the snow ! 

While boys on the ice are at play : 
In Spring" the green herbage will grow, 

With all the sweet flowers of May. 

What charms does the Summer unfold ! 

While hay-makers breathe the sweet air: 
And Autumn brings treasures of gold, 

The apple, the peach, and the pear. 



I 

130 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXV. 

The following words are somewhat similar in sound, and are often improperly 
pronounced alike. 



A' bel, a man's name* 
A' ble, having power. 

Ac cept/, to receive* 

Ex cept/, to leave out* 
Ac cess', an approach. 
Ex cess 7 , superfluity. 

Acts, deeds. 

Axe, to cut with. 

Ask, to request. 
Affect', to move. 
Ef feet', to bring to pass. 

Ar' rant, bad. 

Er' rand, a message. 

Er' rant, wandering. 
Ba' con, smoked pork. 
Bea' con, a light-house. 

Bal' lad, a song. 

Bal' lot, a vote. 
Bar' on, a title of honour. 
Bar' ren, unfruitful. 

Bri' dal, nuptial. 

Bri r die, for a horse. 
Bust, an image. 
Burst, to break suddenly. 

Cents plural of cent. 

Sense, sensation. 

Since, after, [time. 
CTiron' i cal, relating to 
Chron' i cle, a history. 

Coat, a garment. 

Quote, to cite. 
Con' cert, of music. 
Con' sort, a companion. 

Cork, to cork bottles. 

CaZk, to calk vessels. 
Coun' oil, an assembly. 
Coun' sel, advice. 

De scent', a going down. 

Dis sent', disagreement. 



Due, owed. 

Do, to act. 
De cease', to die. 
Dis ease', sickness. 

Dome, a building. 

Doom, to sentence. 
Does, doth. 
Doze, to slumber. 

Dust, fine dry dirt. 

Durst, dared. 
E merge', to rise. 
Im merge' to put under water. 

Em' i nent, exalted. 

Im' mi nent, threatening. 
Ex' tant, now in being. 
Ex tent', utmost limits. 

File, an instrument. 

Foil, to overcome. 
Harsh, rough, severe. 
Hash, to mince. 

Ha' ven, a harbour. 

Heav' en, the region above. 
I die, lazy. 
I dol, an image. 

Isle, [ile] an island. 

Oil, grease, fat. 
Jest, a joke. 
Just, right, honest. 

Lick' er ish, nice, delicate. 

Lie' or ice, a sweet root. 
Loam, a kind of earth. 
Loom, a weaver's machine. 

Line, a string. 

Loin, the reins. 
Marsh, wet ground. 
Mash, to bruise. 
Mesh, of a net. 

Mild, kind, tender. 

Mile, eight furlongs. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



131 



Mind, intelligent power. 
Mine, belonging to me. 

Mole, a small animal. 

Mowld, to shape. 
News, tidings. 
Noose, a running knot. 

Of, [ov] concerning. 

Off, at a distance. 
Or 7 der, method. 
Or 7 dure, filth. 

Pal' ate, of the mouth 

Pal' let, a small bed. 
Pa' tron, a benefactor. 
Pat' tern, a specimen. 

Pies, a kind of food. 

Poise, to ba]ance. 
Pint, half a quart. 
Point, a stop. 

Pop' u lace, the people. 

Pop' u lous, full of people. 
Prin' ci pal, chief. 
Prin' ci pie, first cause. 

Rack, to torture. 



TFreck, ruin, shipwreck. 
Rad' ish, a garden root. 
Red' dish, somewhat red. 

Re' al, true, genuine. 

Roy' al, kingly. 
Sal' a ry, stated hire. 
Cel' e ry, a species of parsley. 

Sects, parties in religion. 

Sex, male or female. 
Star' ling, a bird. 
Ster' ling, English money. 

Tile, earthen shingles. 

Toil, to labour. 
Track, a mark left. 
Tract, a country. 

Un do', to take to pieces. 

Un due', not due. 
Which, this or that, [lawful arts 
Witch, a woman given to un- 

Wan' der, to ramble abroad. 

Won' der, admiration. 
Yarn, spun wool, [passion. 
Yearn, to be moved with com. 



ODE TO CHILDHOOD. 

Childhood, happiest stage of life ! 
Free from care and free from strife ; 
Time, when all that meets the view, 
All can charm, for all is new : . 
How thy long lost hours I mourn, 
Never, never to return. 

Then to toss the circling ball, 
Caught rebounding from the wall ; 
Then the mimic ship to guide 
Down the kennel's dirty tide ; 
Then the hoop's revolving pace 
Through the dusty street to chase — 
O what joy ! — it once was mine, 
Childhood, matchless boon of thine ; 
How thy long-lost hours I mourn, 
Never, never to return. 



132 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXVL 

A Walk in the Fields. 




Here is the picture of Henry, and Lucy, and William, 
and little Mary, who, in company with their father, are ta- 
king a walk in the fields among the beautiful wild flowers. 

The father is talking to them about the trees, the grass, 
the flowers, and many other things ; and telling them a 
great deal which they did not know : hear what he is 
saying to them, 

The fir-tree grows on the high mountain, and the gray 
willow bends itself over the stream. The thistle is arm- 
ed with sharp prickles ; the mallows is soft and woolly. 

The hop lays hold with her tendrils, and clasps the tall 
pole ; the oak has a firm root in the ground, and resists 
the winter storm. 

The daisy enamels the meadows, and grows beneath 
the foot of the passenger ; the tulip requires a rich soil, 
and the careful hand of the gardener. 

The iris and the reed spring up in the marsh ; the 
rich grass covers the meadows ; and the purple heath- 
flower enlivens the waste ground. 

The w T ater-!il!ies grow beneath the stream, and their 
broad leaves float on the water : the wall flower takes] 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 133 



root among the hard stones, and spreads its fragrance 
among broken ruins. 

Every leaf is of a different form ; every plant is a sep- 
arate inhabitant. 

Look at the thorns that are white with blossoms, and 
the flowers that cover the fields, and the plants that are 
trodden in the green path. 

The hand of man hath not planted them ; the sower 
hath not scattered the seeds from his hands, nor the gar- 
dener digged a place for them with his spade. 

Some grow on steep rocks where no man can climb ; 
some grow in bogs, and deep mires ; and others on de- 
sert islands ; they spring up every where, and cover the 
bosom of the whole earth. 

Who causes them to grow every where, and blows the 
seeds about in the wind, and mixes them with the earth, 
and waters them with soft rains, and cherishes them with 
dews? 

Who fans them with the pure breath of heaven, and 
gives them colours and smells, and spreads out their thin 
transparent leaves ? 

How does the rose draw its crimson from the dark 
brown earth ; or the lily its shining white ? How can a 
small seed contain a plant? How does every plant know 
its proper season to put forth ? 

They are all marshalled in order; each one knows his 
place, and stands up in his own rank. 

When the spring comes, the snowdrop and primrose 
shoot forth ; the carnation waits for the full strength of 
the year ; and the hardy evergreen cheers the winter 
months. 

Every plant produces its like. An ear of corn will not 
grow from an acorn, nor will a grape-stone produce 
cherries ; but every one springs from its proper seed. 

Who preserves them alive through the cold winter, 
when the snow is on the ground, and the sharp white 
frost bites on the plain ? 

Who saves a small seed, and a little warmth in the bo- 
som of the earth, and causes it to spring up afresh, and 
sap to ris e through the hard fibres ? 



134 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



It is God the Creator of the world that does all these things. 
These are but a small part of his works, and a little portion of 
his wonders. 



SECTION LXXVIL 




The Blind Soldier. 

Charles, do you see that poor blind man at the door? Yes. 
mother, who is it? It is poor old Simon : he is an old soldier : 
he became lame and blind in the service of his country. The 
little boy you see with him, leads him from door to door. 

How sorry I am ! said Emma. — You once said, mother, 
we ought to be kind to old soldiers and sailors, because they 
fight to protect us. So I did, my dear Emma ; and poor old 
Simon, I am sure, deserves our kindness. 

Mother, said Charles, shall I give him my pennies ? and 
shall I give him my cake ? said Emma ; and I will give him 
mine too, said little Samuel. 

Well, my dear children, I will not restrain your gifts ; but 
Simon will like something more : we will give him some 
bread, and meat, and cheese, to carry home for his poor wife. 

Mother, Simon is now going — See ! he goes off so pleased ! 
and yet I saw the tears run down his cheeks when we gave 
him the provision ; and he said, " May Heaven reward you 
for your kindness." 

Very likely, my dear, they were tears of thanks and grati- 
tude. 









: . 






THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


135 




SECTION LXXVIII. 




A Catalogue of all the Proper Names contained in the New 


Testament ; pronounced according to Walker's Rules for 


the pronunciation of 


Scripture Pi 


*oper Names 


. 


The same rule 


3S to be observe 


d in the pronunciation of the following words, as 


in those taken from the Dictionary. 






In the following words, th has its sharp sounc 


, and c before h has the sound of 


k, unless otherwise denned. 






1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


Caen 


Ca naan 


Jo nan 


see 


Si na* 


Christ 


Ce dron 


Jo nas 


Pa phos 


Si na 


Crete 


Ce phas 


Jo ram 


Pe ter 


Si on 


Eve 


Ce sar 


Jo rim 


Pha lee 


Sta c/iys |j 


Greece 


C/ii os 


Jo se 


Pha raoh 


Ste phen 


Greek 


Ohio e 


Jo seph 


Pha res 


Sy c/iar 


James 


Chu. za 


Jo ses 


Phe be 


Sy c/tem 


Jew 


Cni dus 


Ju da 


Phle gon 


Tha mar 


Job 


Co os 


Ju da/i 


Pi late 


Tha ra 


Jude 


Co re 


Ju das 


Pu dens 


Then das 


Luke 


Co sam 


La mec/i 


Ra ca 


Ti mon 


Medes 


Cy prus 


Le vi 


Ra c/iab 


Ti tus 


R/todes 


Da vid 


Le vites 


Ra chelj 


Tro as 


Spain 


De mas 


Li nus 


Ra gan 


Za ra 


Tyre 


E gypt 


Lo is 


Ra hab 


Ze nas 


A a ron 


E noc/i 


Lu cas 


Ra ma 


A bra ham 


A bel 


E non 


Ma ath 


Khe sa 


A dri a 


A c/iaz 


E nos 


Ma gog 


R/io da 


A si a § 


A c/iim 


E sau 


Ma ry 


Ro mans 


Ec li al 


A gar 


Fe lix 


Me nan 


Ru fus 


Caf a phas 


A mon 


Fo rum 


Mo loc/i 


Sa doc 


Cie o phas 


A mos 


Ga ius* 


Mo SCS 


Sa la 


Cre ti a ns % 


A ram 


Ga za 


Ny ra 


Sa lem 


E lam ites 


A sa 


He ber 


Na c/ior 


Sa lim 


E phra im 


A ser 


He brews 


Na in 


Sa mos 


jEu ty c/ms 


A zor 


He 11 


Na than 


Sa ra or 


Ga bri el 


Baal 


I saac 


Na um 


Sa ra/e 


Ja i rus 


Ba iaam 


Ja cob 


Ne ri 


Sa ron 


Jo a tham 


Ba lak 


Ja red 


Ne ro 


Sa ruch 


Ju li a 


Ba rak 


Ja son 


Ni gerf 


See va 


Ju li us 


Bo oz 


Je sus 


No a/i 


Si don 


Ju ni a 


Bo sor 


Jo el 


Noe 


Si las 


Ju pi ter 


Ca na 


Jo na 


bed 


Si mon 


Lu ci us ** 

I 


* i like y. fg-hard. % chlike tsh. || Sta'kees. §si 


ike zhe.^ti like 


she. ** alike she. i, 



136 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




1 


2 


2 


2 




Ma di an 


Lys tra 


Ep a phras 


Scyth i ans 




Mi cha. el 


Mai c/ms 


Eph e sus 


Sem e i 




Na a man 


Mat than 


Eph pha tha 


Ser gi us 




Ne ri us 


Mat that 


Gab ba tha 


Sil o am 




R/ie gi urn 


Mat thew 


Gal i lee 


Sim e on 




2 


Mel c/ii 


Gal li o 


Steph a nas 




Cis 


Nag ge* 


Gid e on* 


Syn ty che 




Er 


Nym phas 


Is ra el 


Syr a cuse 




Gad 


Pat mos 


Is sa e/iar 


Syr i a 




Sem 


Per ga 


It a ly 


Svr i an? 




Seth 


Per sis 


Jeph tha e 


fab i tha 




Abba 


Phil ip 


Jer e my 


Ter ti us** 




Ad am 


Pris ca 


Jer i c/io 


Tim o thy 




Ad di 


Rem phan 


Jez a bel 


Tych i cus 




An drew 


Sal mon 


Laz a rus 


Ur ba ne 




An na 


Sam son 


Lyb i a 


Zabu Ion 




An nas 


Smyr na j 


Ly ci a || 


Zeb e dee 




As sos 


Ag a bus 


Lyd i a 


Is ra el ites 




Ath ens 


Am pli as 


Lys i as 


3 




Bias tus 


An ti oc/i 


Mag da la 


Paul 




Cas tor 


An ti pas 


Man a en 


Saul 




C7iar ran 


Ap phi a^ 


Mat ta tha 


Clau da 




Clem ent 


Ap pi i 


Mel i ta 


Cor ban 




Cres cens 


Aq ui la 


Mid i an 


Dor cas 




Cris pus 


Bab y Ion 


Mys i a 


Jor dan 




Der be 


Ben ja min 


Naz a reth 


Pau lus 




Em mor 


Beth a ny 


Neph tha lim 


Quar tus 




Es li 


Beth le hem 


Nic o las 


Clau di a 




Es rom 


Beth pha ge 


Nin e veh 


Clau di us 




Fes tus 


Cal va ry 


Nin e vites 


4 




Her mas 


Can aan ites 


Pat a ra 


Mark 




Her mes 


Can da ce 


Pat ro bas 


Car pus 




Her od 


Cen c/ire a 


Per ga mos 


Mar cus 




Jam bres 


Dam a ris 


Phar i sees 


Mar tha 




Jan na 


Dan i el 


Phryg i a 


Sar dis 




Jan nes 


Did y mus 


Pub li us 


Tar sus 




Jes se 


Em ma us 


Sad du cee* 


Ar te mas 




Jus tus 


El mo dam 


Sal a mis 


Bar na bas 




Lyd da 


El y mas 


Sam u el 


Bar sa bas 




* g hard. 


i Smer' na. J A.f* 


e a. J! Lis!/ e a. 


** ft like she. 







THE PICTORIAL 


SPELLING-BOOK 


137 


4 


1 


1 


2 


Par me nas 


Di a na 


Cor ne li us 


Dru sil la 


Par thi ans 


E li as 


Cy re ni ans 


E ras tus 


5 


Eliud 


Cy re ni us 


Jo an na 


Gog 


E ne as 


Dal ma ti a* 


Ma nas ses 


John 


Eu bu lus 


De me tri us 


Na as son 


Lot 


Eu ni ce 


E li a kim 


Nar cis sus 


Cor inth 


Eu phra tes 


E phe si ansf 


Phi lip pi 


J op pa 


Jo si as 


E sa i as 


Phy gel lus 


01 Wes 


Ju de a 


Eu o di as 


Pris cil la 


Pol lux 


La se a 


Ga la ti a* 


Re bee ca 


Pon tus 


Lcb be us 


Ga la ti ans * 


Sa rep ta 


Sod urn 


Mat thi as 


Ga ma li el 


Se cun dus 


T/iom as 


Me le a 


He ro di ans 


Su san na 


Gol go tha 


Mi le turn 


He ro di as 


Ter tul lus 


Jos a phat 


Mi le tus 


I co ni um 


Ty ran nus 


01 i vet 


Ni ca nor 


Je ru sa lem 


A eel da ma 


Pon ti us 


zi as 


Ly sa ni as 


A min a dab 


Proc/i o rus 


Pha nu el 


Ma le le el 


Am phip o lis 


Sod o ma 


Phe ni ce 


Ma thu sa la 


A syn cri tus 


Sol o mon 


Phi le mon 


Mer cu ri us 


Be el ze bub 


Sop a ter 


Phi le tus 


Pi si di a 


Beth ab a ra 


Sos the nes 


Rab bo ni 


Pre to ri um 


Bi thyn i a 


Troph i mus 


Ro bo am 


Pu te o li 


Ca per na um 


6 1 


Sal mo ne 


Sa la thi el 


Ci li ci a J 


Rome or RomeSa lo me 


Sa ma ri a 


Co rin thi ans 


Ruth or Ruth Sap phi ra 


Sel eu ci a± 


De cap o lis 


1 


Sil va nua 


Ti be ri as 


E lis a beth 


A bi a 


Thad de us 


Ti be ri us 


E man u el 


A bi ud 


Ti me us 


Ti mo the us 


E pen e tus 


Al phe us 


Try phe ne 


2 


Ge nes a reth 


Are tas 


Try pho sa 


A bad don 


Gen nes a ret 


A zo tus 


U ri as 


A grip pa 


Geth sem a ne§ 


Bar je sus 


Zac che us 


A pel les 


11 lyr i cum 


Bar jo na 


Ze lo tes 


Ar chip pus 


Is car i ot 


Be re a 


A bi a thar 


Ar phax ad 


Mel chis e dec 


Ber ni ce 


A cAa i cus 


Au gus tus 


Na than i el 


Ca i nan 


Ar a bi a 


Ba rab bas 


Ne ap o lis 


C/ial do an 5 


Ar a bi ans 


Beth es da 


nes i mus 


C/io ra zin 


A the ni ans 


Co rin thus 


Pam phyl i a 


Cy re ne 


Beth sa i da 


Da mas cus 


Phe ni ci a J 1 


* ti like she. f si like z 


he. | ci like she. ( 


) g hard. 




12* 







138 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Phil lip pi ans 
Sa mar i tans 
So sip a ter 
Tro gyl li urn 

5 
A pol los 
A poll yon 
Co los se 
Go mor ra.h 
Bar thol o mew 
Co los si ans * 
Di ot re phes 
Her mog e nes 
Ni cop o lis 
Phi lol o gus 
The oph i lus 
Zo rob ab el 

1 

Dam a scenes 
Gad a renes 
Ger ge senes j - 
Naz a renes 
Ab i le ne 
An a ni as 
An dro ni cus 
Ar che la us 
At ta li a 
Bar a cAa is 



1 

Bar ti me us 
Ces a re a 
Dal ma nu tha 
E le a zar 
E li e zer 
El i se us 
Ez e ki as 
For tu na tus 
Gal i le ans 
Hy men e us 
Id u me a 
I; u re a 
Jec o ni a/i 
Jer e mi as 
Mag da le ne 
Mat ta thi as 
Myt e le ne 
Nic o de mus 
Ptol e ma is 
Thy a ti ra 
Trac/i o ni tis 
Zac/i a ri as 
Ap ol lo ni a 
Cap pa do ci a J 
E thi o pi a 
E thi o pi ans 
Lye a o ni a 
Mac e do ni a II 



1 
Mac e do ni ans || 
Nic o la i tans 
Sam o thra ci a J 
Thes sa lo ni ans 

2 
Al ex an der 
Ar ma ged don f 
Bo a ner ges 
Ad ra myt ti am 
Al ex an dri a 
Al ex an dri ans 
Dy o nys i us § 
On e siph o rus 
Phil a del phi a 

5 
A re op a gite f 
A re op a gus 

1 
Ar i ma the a 
Ar is to bu lus 
E paph ro di tus 
La od i ce a 
La od i ce ans 
Pa ca ti a na 
Tal i tha cu mi 
Thes sa lo ni ca 
Mes o po ta mi a 

2 
Sy ro phe ni ci ans J 



Select Sentences. 

When we are told of a fault, we should always try to avoid 
it afterwards. 

We should be kind to all persons, even to those who are un- 
kind to us. 

A kind action gives pleasure both to ourselves, and those to 
whom we are kind. 

Never insult the poor : poverty entitles a man to pity rather 
than insult. 

A man of virtue is an honour to his country, a glory to hu- 
manity, a satisfaction to himself, and a benefactor to the world. 

* Co losh' e anz. f g's hard. J ci like she. I| c like a. § Dio nish' e us. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



139 



SECTION LXXIX. 




The Ox, the Cow, and the Calf. 

Here is the picture of an ox, a cow, and a calf. Oxen are 
large, strong animals ; they submit to the yoke, plough the 
fields, and draw the cart ; and are very useful to man. 

But cows may be considered the most useful of all animals. 
They give us milk, which is excellent food ; and of which we 
make butter and cheese.* 

The flesh of oxen and cows, is called beef. Their skins are 
made into leather, of which boots and shoes are made. 
Their tallow is made into candles. Their bones are used to 
make handles for tooth-brushes, nail-brushes, and also for 
making buttons. 

Of their horns, combs, buttons, and many other things are 
made. Their blood is sometimes used for purifying sugar ; 
and their hair is mixed with lime and sand to make mortar 
for plastering. 

The young animal is called a calf: its flesh is called veal. 
Leather is made of the skin, which is used for making shoes, 
and covering books. 



140 



THE PICTORIAL SPSLLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXX. 




The Horse. 

The horse is a noble and useful animal. He can walk, trot, 
or run, and at the same time carry a man on his back. The 
rider governs him by signs which he makes with the bit, his 
foot, or the whip. 

Horses are sometimes used for drawing wagons, and carts ; 
sometimes for drawing coaches ; sometimes for ploughing the 
fields ; sometimes for running, or •hunting ; and sometimes 
they are used in war. 

A horse knows his own stable, he distinguishes his compan- 
ions, remembers any place at which he has once stopped, and 
will find his way by a road which he has travelled. 

There is a great difference in horses, both in size and beau- 
ty ; both in strength and fleetness. The most beautiful horses 
in the world, it is said, are found in Arabia. 

In some parts of the world, horses run wild, and are found 
in droves of several hundred together. They run very fast, 
and defend themselves from other animals, either by biting, 
kicking, or striking with their forefeet. 

A colt is a young horse, and is very fond of play. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



141 



SECTION LXXXI. 




Sheep and Lambs. 

Here is the picture of some fine sheep, and some beautiful 
little lambs ; see how they skip and play about on the green 
grass ! The sheep is a very useful animal, and is found in al- 
most all parts of the world. 

The flesh of the sheep is very good food; it is called mut- 
ton. The sheep furnishes us with wool, from which our warm 
clothes are made : and the skin is used for covering books. 

Sheep are timid animals, and derive their safety from the 
care of man ; and they well repay him for his attention. In 
some countries they require the attendance of shepherds, and 
are penned up at night to protect them from the wolves. 

Wolves are very much like dogs in their appearance, but 
they are wild ; and when they are hungry, will kill sheep and 
lambs, and eat them. There are but few wolves in this coun- 
try, for men take great pains to kill them. 

Men at all times, and in almost all countries have taken 
much care of sheep. Sheep and shepherds are often mention- 
ed in the bible. 



142 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXXII. 

The Elephant* 




Here we have the picture of an elephant ; which is the 
largest and strongest of all quadrupeds. In its wild state, it 
is neither fierce nor mischievous ; but mild and brave : it ex- 
erts its powers only in its own defence, or in that of the com- 
pany to which it belongs. 

The elephant has a rough skin, of a dark colour, with but 
little hair upon it. He has small eyes, but they are bright and 
penetrating. HjS great ears are flat ; and he sometimes moves 
them like a fan, to drive away dust and insects from his eyes. 

His legs are suited to the size of his body, being strong and 
massy. The trunk or proboscis is composed of muscles en- 
tirely at the will of the animal. He can move or bend it, 
lengthen, contract, or twist it in any direction. 

The end of the trunk is formed in such a manner, that he 
can pick up a small piece of money with it, untie knots, open and 
shut gates, and draw corks from bottles. With his trunk he 
gathers his food, puts it into his mouth, and draws up water to 
quench his thirst. 

When the elephant is once tamed, it is the most gentle and 
obedient of all animals. Its attachment to its keeper is remark- 
able, and it seems to live but to serve and obey him. It de- 
lights in music, and is much pleased with the sound of a trump- 
et and drum. Elephants live more than one hundred years. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 143 



SECTION LXXXIII. 




The Whale. 

The whale is the largest of all animals that have yet been 
discovered. The length of a full grown whale, may be stated 
as varying from fifty to one hundred feet. 

The head of the whale is very large in proportion to the 
size of the body : its eyes are very small, being little larger 
than those of an ox, and situated on each side of the head. Its 
tail is its principal weapon, with which he can upset a boat, or 
dash it in pieces. 

Immediately beneath the skin lies the blubber or fat, which 
is from eight to twenty inches thick. It is for this and the 
whalebone that this animal is deemed so valuable ; and for 
which it is so much sought for by whale -fishers. 

A large whale yields more than one hundred barrels of oil, 
and a ton and a half of whalebone. The flesh of the whale 
is sometimes eaten by the inhabitants that live along the coasts 
where they are taken. 

There seems to be an analogy between the whale and the 
elephant ; for both are the strongest and largest animals in 
their respective elements, which are never to be dreaded, un- 
less injured or provoked. 



144 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION LXXXIV. 

Insects. 




Here we have the picture of a variety of insects : how 
pleasing on a fine summer's day to see these curious little 
creatures on the wing ! We meet with them every where in 
our walks, and in our houses. 

There are but very few insects that can hurt us. Some of 
them have stings, but they are not disposed to use them, unless 
we hurt or disturb them. 

Insects are the food of a great many birds. Birds are use- 
ful to us ; therefore, insects, which supply so many birds with 
food, must be useful also. 

The little ants are the food of many creatures, and Provi- 
dence has ordained that they should be a most numerous tribe 
of insects. 

Some insects are of very great use to man. The honey- 
bee furnishes us with honey, and wax ; and the silk- worm 
spins our silk. 

Some insects, when they become very numerous, do great 
injury : they sometimes destroy vegetation, and the fruits of 
the earth. 

But it is more agreeable to consider them as a beautiful and 
curious part of the creation, furnishing an inexhaustible source 
of rational amusement ; and proclaiming the wisdom of the 
Creator, as clearly, as the largest elephant that ranges the for- 
est, or the most huge whale that ploughs the ocean. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



145 



SECTION LXXXV. 

Rules and Examples for spelling Derivative 

Words. 

When the termination ed is preceded by t or d, it always 
forms an additional syllable ; but when preceded by any other 
letter, the e is generally silent, and the d added to the foregoing 
syllable, or the sound of d changed to t 9 which is added to 
the foregoing syllable : thus, print-ed, loved, mixed, are pro- 
nounced print' -ed lovd, mixt, &c* 

The following Rules and Examples, which were first published by 
the author in 1831, are given in this place, for the purpose of teach- 
ing more extensively the orthography of derivative words. Those 
inserted under the following rules, are not generally to be found in 
dictionaries, and are often spelled improperly ; and that too by those 
who are experienced in writing. We often see the plural of chimney 
spelled chimnies, instead of chimneys; monies, instead of moneys; at- 
tornies, instead of attorneys. We sometimes see the derivatives of 
such words as emit, spelled emiting, emited, instead of emitting, emit- 
ted; abhoring, abhored, instead of abhorring, abhorred. Sometimes 
from limit, we see the derivatives written limitting, limitted. instead 
of limiting, limited ; from ballot, ballotting, ballotted, instead of ballot- 
ing, balloted, &c. But if proper attention is paid to the following 
rules and examples, the learner will readily acquire a correct knowl- 
edge of them, which will serve as a complete guide to the spelling of 
derivative words throughout the language ; and correct many of the 
gross irregularities so common among writers. 

RULE I. 

Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, ending with 
a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, double the final con- 
sonant when they assume another syllable beginning with a vowel, f 
EXAMPLES. 



2 


2 


2 


5 


5 


5 


Bed 


bed-ding 


bed-ded 


blot 


blot- ting 


blot-ted 


blur 


blur-ring 


blurred 


chop 


chop-ping 


chopped 


chat 


chat-ting 


chat-ted 


crop 


crop-ping 


cropped 


dun 


dun-ning 


dunned 


dot 


dot-ting 


doUted 


hem 


hem-ming 


hemmed 


hop 


hop-ping 


hopped 


mud 


mud-ding 


mud-ded 


rob 


rob-bing 


robbed 


rap 


rap-ping 


rapped 


2 


2 


2 


tip 


tip-ping 


tipped 


an-nul 


an-nul-ling 


an-nulled 


wed 


wed-ding 


wed-ded 


con-cui 


* con-cur-ring 


con-curred 


wrap 


wrap-ping 


wrapped 


o-mit 


o-mit-ting 


o-mit-ted 



* Scripture language, and adjectives not derived from verbs, as na- 
ked, wicked, are exceptions. 

t When an additional syllable chaDges the original accent, the fi 
nal consonant is not doubled. 

18 



146 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 


2 2 2 2 2 2 


out- wit out-wit- ting out- wit-ted 


un-ship un-ship-pingun-shipped 


re-fit re-fit-ting re-fit-ted 


5 5 5 


re-gret re-gret-ting re-gret-ted 


al-lot al-lot-ting al-lot-ted 


re-mit re-mit-ting re-mit-ted 


be-sot be-sot-ting be-sot-ted 


tre-pan tre-pan-ningtre-panned 


be-spot be-spot-ting be -spot-ted 


un-fit un-fit-ting un-fit-ted 


un-clog un-clog-ging un-clogged 


un-pin un-pin-ning un-pinned 


un-stop un-stop-ping un-stopped 


Exception. — When the primitive ends in x, the final consonant is 


not doubled in forming derivatives. 


EXAMPLE. 


2 2 2 2 2 2 


Fix fix-ing fixed 


an-nex an-nex-ing an-nexed 


tax tax-ing taxed 


per-plex per-plex-ing per-plexed 


vex vex-ing vexed 


pre-fix pre-fix-ing pre-fixed 


RULE II. 


Words ending with a single consonant preceded by a diphthong, 


do not double the final consonant when they assume another syllable. 


EXAMPLE. 


Ill oi oi oi 


Aid aid-ing aid-ed 


broil broil-ing broiled 


aim aim-ing aimed 


foil foil-ing foiled 


bait bait-ing bait-ed 


toil toil-ing toiled 


bloat bloat-ing bloat-ed 


ou ou ou 


cheer cheer-ing cheered 


loud loud-er loud-est 


fail fail-ing failed 


proud proud-er proud-est 


rain rain-ing rained 


sour sour-er sour-est 


roam roam-ing roamed 


1 1 1 


train train-ing trained 


be-wail be-wail-ing be-wailed 


wail wail-ing wailed 


con-geal con-geal-ing con-gealed 


dear dear er dear-est 


con-tain con-tain-ing con-tained 


meek mee &-er meek-est 


pro-ceed pro-ceed-ing pro-ceed-ed 


sweet sweeper sweet-est 


re-peat re-peat-ing re-peat-ed 


RULE III. 


Words endin/v with a consonant, preceeded by another consonant, 


do not double t>*e final letter when they take an additional syllable. 


EXAMPLE. 


2 2 2 2 2 5 


Act act-ing act-ed 


as-sist as-sist-ing as-sist-ed 


blend blend-in* blend-ed 


con-sent con-sent-ing con-sent-ed 


churn churn-ing churned 


con-tend con-tend-ing con-tend-ed 


hunt hunt-ing hunt-ed 


cor-rect cor-rect-ing corwect-ed 


hint hint-ing hint-ed 


de-fend de-fend-ing de-fend-ed 


jest jest-ing jest-ed 


dis-turb dis-turb-ing dis-turbed 


jump mmp-ing jumped 
land land-ing land-ed 


en-list en-list-ing en-list-ed 


ex-tend ex-tend-ing ex-tend-ed 


lisp lisp-ing lisped 


in-sist in-sist-ing in-sist-ed 


print print-ing print-ed 


re-turn re-turn-ing re-turned 


rest rest-ing rest-ed 


un-pack un-pack-ing un-packed 


test test-ing test-ed 


u-surp u-5urp-ing u-surped 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



147 



RULE IV, 

Words ending with a consonant, when the accent is on a prece- 
ding syllable, do not double the final letter when they take another 
syllable. 

EXAMPLE. 



2 3 3 3 

bal-lot-ed Al-ter al-ter-ing al-tered 
buf-fet-ed au-dit au-dit-ing au-dit-ed 
mer-it-ed or-der or-der-ing or-dered 
pil-fered 5 5 5 

fod-der fod-der-ing fod-dered 

pon-der 

prof-fer 

prof-it 
2 

in-her-it 

Exception, — When words of this class end with Z, the I is doubled 
in the derivatives.* 

EXAMPLE. 



2 
Bal-lot 
buf-fet 
mer-it 
pil-fer 
quiv-er 
riv-et 
scat-ter 
suf-fer 
ut-ter 
vis-it 



bal-lot-ing 
buf-fet-ing 
mer-it-ing 
pil-fer-ing m 
quiv-er-ing quiv-ered 
riv-et-ing riv-et-ed 
scat-ter-ing scat-iered 
suf-fer-ing suf-fered 
ut-ter-ing ut-tered 
vis-it-ing vis-it-ed 



pon-der-ing pon-dered 
prof-fer-ing prof-fered 
prof-it-ing prof-it-ed 

2 2 

in-her-it-ins in-her-it-ed 



1 
Du-el 
e-qual 
li-bel 
ri-val 

2 
bar-rel 
can-eel 
cav-il 



1 
du-el-ling 
e-qual-ling 
li-bel-ling 
ri-val-ling 

2 
bar-rel-ling 
can-cel-ling 
cav-il-ling 



du-elkd 
e-qualkd 
li-belkd 
ri-valkd 
2 

bar- relied 
ean-eelkd 
cav-ilkd 

RULE 



2 2 

grav-el grav-el-ling 
lev-el lev-el-ling 
rav-el-ling 
rev-el-ling 
sniv-el-ling 
tin-sel-ling 



rav-el 

rev-el 

sniv-el 

tin-sel 

trav-el 

tun-nel 

V. 



grav-elkd 

lev-elkd 

rav-elkd 

rev-elkd 

sniv-elkd 

tin-selkd 



trav - el-ling trav-elkd 
tun-nel-ling tun-nelkd 



When words ending in y preceded by a consonant, 
additional termination beginning with a vowel, the y 
into i ; except when ing is added, in which case the y 
that i may not be doubled. 

EXAMPLE. 
1 
ho-li-est 
la-zi-est 
live-li-est 
de-i-fkd 
no-ti-fkd 



assume an 
is changed 
is retained, 



1 1 

Ho-ly ho-li-er 

la -zy la-zi-er 

li\ e-ly live-li-er 

de-i-fy de-i-fy-ing 

no-ti-fy no-ti-fy-ing . 

pu-ri-fy pu-ri-fy-ing pu-ri-fkd 

2 2 2 

pit-y pit-y-ing pit-kd 

ral-ly ral-ly-ing ral-lkd 

stud-y stud-y-ing stud-kd 

hap-py hap-pi-er hap-pi-est 



2 
heav-y 
mer-ry 
mud-dy 
ed-i-fy 



2 
he&v-i-er 
mer-ri-er 
mud-di-er 
ed-i-fy-ing 
jus-ti-fy jus-ti-fy-ing 
sat-is-fy sat-is-fy-ing 
tes-ti-fy tes-ti-fy-ing 

8 8 

blood-y blood-i-er 
come-ly come-li-er 
love-ly love-li-er 



heav-i-est 

mer-ri-est 

mud-di-est 

ed-i-fkd 

jus-ti-fkd 

sat-is-fkd 

tes-ti-fkd 

8 
blood-i-est 
comc-li-est 
love-li-est 



* Some writers are of opinion that this exception ought not to be made, 
and that these words should be spelled with but one I according to the gene- 
ra] rule. 



i!48 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



but-ter-fly 

des-ti-ny 

en-e-my 

his-to-ry 

lib-er-ty 



but-ter-flies 

des-ti-nies 

en-e-mies 

his-to-ries 

libber-ties 



a-cad-e-my 

ca-lam-i-ty 

fes-tiv-i-ty 

in-dem-ni-ty 

so-lem-ni-ty 



a-cad-e-mies 

ca-lam-i-ties 

fes-tiv-i-ties 

in-dem-ni-ties 

so-lem-ni-ties 



RULE VI. 

When a termination is added to a word ending with y, preceded 
by a vowel, the y is retained in the derivative.* 



EXAMPLE. 



1 

Al-lay 

ar-ray 

be-tray 

de-cay 

de-fray 

de-lay 



1 
al-lay-ing 
ar-ray-ing 
be-tray-ing 
de-cay-ing 
de-fray-ing 
de-lay-ing 



1 
al-layed 
ar-rayed 
be-trayed 
de-cayed 
de-frayed 
de-layed 



dis-play dis-play-ing dis-played 



9 9 9 

con-vey con-vey-ing con-veyed 

pur-vey pur-vey-ing pur-veyed 

sur-vey sur-vey-ing sur-veyed 

o-bey o-bey-ing o-beyed 

oy oy oy 

an-noy an-noy-ing an-noyed 
de-stroy de-stroy-ing de-stroyed 



clay 

day 

2 

ab-bey 

al-ley 

chim-ney 

en-voy 



1 
bays 
clays 
days 
2 

ab-beys 
al-leys 
chim-neys 
en-voys 



2 

gal-ley 
jour-ney 
kid-ney 
val-ley 

5 
vol-ley 

8 
mon-ey 



2 
gal-leys 

i'our-neys 
:id-neys 
val-leys 

5 
vol-leys 

8 
mon-eys 



RULE VII. 

Words ending with double letters, taking an additional syllable, 
generally preserve the letters double. 



EXAMPLE. 



1 
gross 

2 
bless 
dress 



1 



guess 

kiss 

press 

puff 

snuff 

stiff 



gross-er 

2 
bless-ing 
dress-ing 
gness-ing 
kiss-ing 
press-ing 
puff-ing 
snuff-ing 
stiff-er 



gross-est 

2 
blessed 
dressed 
gwessed 
kissed 
pressed 
puffed 
snuffed 
stiff-est 



2 
as-sess 



2 2 

as-sess-ing as-sessed 
ca-ress ca-ress-ing ca-ressed 
con-fess con-fess-ing con-fessed 
de-press de-press-ing de-pressed 
di-gress di-gress-ing di-gressed 
dis-cuss dis-cuss-ing dis-cussed 
dis-tress dis-tress-ing dis-tressed 
ex-press ex-press-ing ex-pressed 
pro-fess pro-fess-ing pro-fessed 
re-press re-press-ing re-pressed 

Exception. — Some words ending with double l t and taking an 
additional syllable beginning with a consonant, omit one I; as, skill, 
skilfully skilfulness. 



♦ Lay, pa' and say, from which are derived laid, paid, and said, 
are exceptions to this rule. 



f — mm — — — 1 

THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 149 


RULE VIII. 




When ing is added to words ending with silent e, the e is omitted ; 


but in forming the perfect participle, the e is 
added. 


retained, and d only is 


EXAMPLE. 




Ill 1 


1 1 


Cease ceas-ing ceased 


de-cide 


de-ci-ding de-ci-ded 


praise prais-ing praised 


de-face 


de-fa-cing de-faced 


raise rais-ing raised 


de-fine 


de-fi-ning de-fined 


range rang-ing ranged 


de-vise 


de-vi-sing de- vised 


seize seiz-ing seized 


de-vote 


de-vo-ting de-vo-ted 


waste wast-ing wast-ed 


di-vide 


di-vi-ding di-vi-ded 


2 2 2 


e-vade 


e-va-ding e-va-ded 


bab-ble bab-bling bab-bled 


ex-pire 


ex-pi-ring ex-pired 


baf-fle baf-fling baf-fled 


in-cite 


in-ci-ting in-ci-ted 


C0up-le coup-ling coup-led 


pro- vide 


pro-vi-ding pro-vi-ded 


crip-ple crip-pling crip-pled 


re-fine 


re-fi-ning re-fined 


daz-zle daz-zling daz-zled 


re-fuse 


re-fu-sing re-fused 


han-dle han-dling han-dled 


re-fute 


re-fu-ting re-fu-ted 


RULE IX. 




Primitive words ending with a diphthong, preserve both vowels in 


forming their derivatives. 




EXAMPLE. 




11 15 


5 5 


Crow? crow-ing crowed 


bor-row 


bor-row-ing bor-rowed 


flow flow-ing flowed 


hol-low 


hol-low-ing hol-lowed 


glow glow-ing glowed 


1 


1 1 


grow grow-ing growed 


re-new 


re-new-ing re-newed 


2 2 2 


re- view 


re-view-ing re-viewed 


bel -low bel-low-ing bel-lowed 


our 


010 010 


bur-row bur-row-ing bur-rowed 


al-low 


al-low-ing al-lowed 


har-row har-row-ing har-rowed 


a-vow 


a-vow-ing a-vowed 


mel-low mel-low-ing mel-lowed 


en-dow 


en-dow-ing en-dowed 


Exception. — When ing is added to words 


ending with i«, the final 


e is omitted, and i changed to y ; but in forming the perfect participle,- 


the e is retained, and d only is added. 




EXAMPLE. 




1111 


1 1 


Die dy-ing died 1 tie 


ty-ing tied 


lie ly-mg lied | vie 


vy-ing vied 


RULE X. 




Derivative words, forming the plural number of nouns, are generally 


formed by adding s or es to the singular. 




EXAMPLE. 




11 11 


1 1 


Cake cakes door doors 


heap heaps | 
name names 


chain chains | floor floors 


* ""■"■"' ■ ■ 13* 







150 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



II 



11 2 2 2 2 

side sides bridge bridg-es church church-es 

slave slaves dunce dun-ces dress dress-es 

year years fence fen-ces press press~es 

grace gra-ces judge judg-es sash sash-es 

fleece flee-ces purse pur-ses stitch stitfch-es 

force for-ces quince quin-ces wish wish-es 

niece nie-ces wedge wedg-es witeh wi£ch-es 

Exceptions. — The principal nouns, the plurals of which are not 
formed by the foregoing rules, are comprised in the following list 



Beau 

caZf 

child 

foot 

&nife 

leaf 

loaf 



beaux 

calves 

chil-dren 

feet 

knives 

leaves 

loaves 



life 

louse 

mouse 

ox 

sheaf 

shelf 

staff 



lives 

lice 

mice 

ox-en 

sheaves 

shelves 

staves 



thieves 
teeth 
wives 
broth-ers ) 
breth-ren ) 
penknife pen-knives 
pen-ny pence 



thief 
tooth 
wife 

broth-er 



SECTION LXXXV. 



Examples of Prefixes and Suffixes. 

The rules for spelling derivative words, given in the preceding sec- 
tion, apply to those contained in this section likewise ; and to all 
others in the language. The examples here given, are, to show the 
various changes produced in the meaning of words, by prefixing or 
adding other syllables to them. The learner must remember that 
the same modifications apply, not only to those inserted in each ex- 
ample here, but to all similar words in the language. 

A prefix, is one or more syllables prefixed to a word, to vary its sig. 
nification : as, appear, to be in sight ; dis-appear, to vanish ; re- 
appear, to appear again. 

A suffix, is one or more syllables added to a word, to vary its sig- 
nification : BS,joy, gladness ; joy-ful, full of joy ; joy-ful-ness, state of 
being joyful 

EXAMPLE I. 

Words formed by prefixing dis, and re. 
Dis, prefixed to words, signifies privation, disunion ; and 
sometimes negation. 

Re, means back, again, or repetition. 



Ap pear 

to be in sight. 

Ap point 

to fix, establish. 

Com pose 

to form ; to quiet. 

In ter 

to bv,ry. 



dis-ap pear 

to vanish. 

dis-ap point 

to defeat, balk. 

dis-com pose 

to disorder ; disturb. 

dis-in ter 

to take out of a grave. 



re-ap pear 

to appear again. 

re-ap point 

to appoint again. 

re-com pose 

to form, or quiet anew. 

re-in ter 

to bury again. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



151 



Em bark 

to enter on shipboard. 

En gage 

to enlist ; to bind. 

Pos sess 

to have as an owner. 

U nite 

to join] to adhere. 

Em bod y 

to form into a body. 

Or gan ize 

to construct. 

In her it 

to receive by inherit' 
ance. 



dis-em bark 

to go on shore. 

dis-en gage 

to separate ; to free. 

dis-pos sess 

to put out of possession. 

dis-u nite 

to separate, divide. 

dis-em bod y 

to divest of the body. 

dis-or gan ize 

to derange. 

dis-in her it 

to deprive of inherit- 
ance. 



re-em bark 

to embark again. 

re-en gage 

to engage again. 

re-pos sess 

to possess agai/t.. 

re-u nite 

to join again. 

re-em bod y 

to embody again. 

re-or gan ize 

to organize again. 

re-in her it 

to inherit again. 



EXAMPLE II. 

Words formed by prefixing mis, pre, and re. 
Mis, prefixed to a word, signifies wrong, erroneous. 
Pre, denotes priority of time or rank. 
Re, means again, or repetition, (as before.) 



Call 

to name. 

Count 

to number, reckon. 

Form 

to make. 

Place 

to put in place, fix. 

Con duct 

to lead, guide. 

Judge 

to decide. 

Elect 

to choose, select. 

En gage 

to enlist ; to employ. 

Es tab lish 

to fix, settle. 

Ex am me 

to search into, try. 



mis-call 

to call wrong. 

mis-count 

to reckon wrong. 

mis-form 

to form wrong. 

mis-place 

to place wrong. 

mis-con duct 

to conduct amiss. 

pre-judge 

to judge beforehand. 

pre-e lect 

to elect beforehand. 

pre-en gage 

to engage beforehand. 

pre-es tab lish 

to settle beforehand. 

Pre- ex am ine 



re-call 

to call again. 

re-count 

to count again. 

re-form 

to form anew. 

re-place 

to put again in place. 

re-con duct 

to conduct back. 

re-judga 

to judge again. 

re-e lect 

to elect again. 

re-en gage 

to engage again. 

re-es tab lish 

to establish again. 

re-ex am ine 



to examine beforehand, to examine again. 



152 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



EXAMPLE III. 

Words formed by prefixing over, counter, ante, and post. 
Over, denotes excess, or superiority. 
Counter, means against, or opposite. 
Ante, signifies before. Post, signifies after. 

Act 

to do, perform; to imi- 
tate. 

Bal ance 

to make equal ; settle. 

Voise 

to weigh. 

Date 

to note the time of an 
act or event. 

Di lu vi an 

relating to the 
deluge. 

Me rid i an 

mid-day, noon. 



o ver-act 

to do or perform to ex- 
cess. 

o ver-bal ance 

to exceed in weight or 
value. 



coun ter-act 

to act in opposition ; 

to hinder. 
coun ter-bal ance 
to weigh or balance 



o ver-poise 

to outweigh. 

an te-date 

to date before the true 
time. 



against. 

coun ter-poise 

to equal, to balance. 

post-date 

to date later than the 
real time. 

an te-di lu vi an post-di lu vi an 

existing before the existing after the 

deluge. deluge. 

an te-me rid i an post-me rid i an 

being before noon. being after noon. 

EXAMPLE IV. 
Words formed by prefixing in, un, im, il, ir, and ig.* 

In and un, prefixed to words, generally mean not, negation, 
or privation. 

1m, il, ir, and ig, which are substituted for in, signify the 
same. 



Ac tive in-ac tive 

quick ; busy. not active. 

Clem ent in-clement 

mild, merciful, not clement. 

De cent in-de cent 

fit, becoming, not decent. 



Ho ly un-ho ly 

pure, sacred. wicked, not pure. 

Ea sy un-ea sy 

quiet, not difficult, not easy. 

Mor al im-mor al 

virtuous. viscious. 



* These prefixes, in some few words, add intensity of meaning to the 
primitive words ; as press, to squeeze ; im-press, to press in or on : 
fold, to double ; in-fold, to fold in : radiate, to emit rays ; ir-radiate y 
to emit more rays. 

Un, sometimes means, undoing: as fold, to double ; un-fold, to undo 
the folding : lock, to fasten ; un-lock, to open a lock. 

In, when the word has a negative meaning, and will admit of it, is 
mostly used, and is considered preferable. 



IP 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



153 



Mor tal 

subject to death. 

Per feet 

faultless, pure. 

Prop er 

fit, peculiar. 

No ble 

dignified, brave. 



im-mor tal 

never dying. 

im-perfect 

defective, not pure. 

im-prop er 

not proper. 

ig-no b\e 

mean, worthless. 



Le gal il-le gal 

lawful. unlawful. 

Lib er al il-lib er al 

generous, free, not liberal. 

Reg u lar ir-reg u lar 

exact, orderly. not regular. 

Res o lute ir-res o lute 

firm, bold. wavering. 



EXAMPLE V. 

Prefixes, which are applied to but few words in the language. 
Semij hemi, and demi, mean half. 
Anti, means against, or opposed to. 
Circum, signifies around. 
Super, denotes excess, over, or above* 
Non, signifies not ; or gives to words a negative meaning. 



Sphere hem i-sphere 

a globe, orb. half of a globe. 

Cir c\e sem i-cir cle 

a round figure, half of a, circle. 

An nu al sem i-an nu al 

yearly. half yearly. 

Pa pal an ti-pa pal 

belonging to the opposing popery, 
pope. 

Feb rile an ti-feb rile 

partaking offe- good against fe* 
ver. vers. 

NaV i gate circum-nav igate 

to sail. to sail round. 



Add su per-add 

to subjoin, in- to add over and 
crease. above. 

Fine su per-fine 

not coarse. eminently fine. 

Hu man super-hu man 
having the quali- above what is 
ties of a man. human. 

Appearance non-appearance 

coming in neglect of ap- 

sight. pearing. 

Res i dence non-res i dence 
residing in a not residing in 
place. a place. 



The following prefixes denote number : hi, tri, tetra, penta, sex, hexa, 
sept, hepta, oct, octa, dec, deca, cent. 
Bi-en ni al, lasting, or being every two years. 
Tri-en ni al, lasting, or being every three years. 
Sex-en ni al, lasting, or being every six years. 
Sep-ten ni al, lasting, or being every seven years. 
Oc-ten ni al, lasting, or being every eight years. 
De-cen ni al, lasting, or being every ten years. 
Cen-ten ni al, lasting, or being every one hundred years. 
Tet ra-gon, a square, or four-sided figure. 
Pen ta-gon, a figure of five sides or angles. 
Hex a-gon, a figure of six sides or angles. 
Hep ta-gon, a figure of seven sides or angles. 
Oc ta-gon, a figure of eight sides or angles. 
Dec a-gon, a figure of ten sides or angles. 



154 


THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 




EXAMPLE VI. 




Words formed by adding ful 


, and less. 


Ful, added 


to a word, denotes abundance. 


Less, means without, or wanting. 




Fear 


fear-ful 


fear-less 


to be afraid of. 


full of fear. 


without fear. 


Help 


help-ful 


help-less 


to aid, assist. 


affording aid. 

mirth-ful 


without help. 


Mirth 


mirth-less 


merriment. 


full of mirth. 


without mirth. 


1 Pain 


pain-ful 


pain-less 


distress. 


full of pain. 


without pain. 


Thought 


thowg-At-ful 


thong-At-less 


act of thinking. 


full of thought. 


careless, heedless. 


Mer cy 


mer ci-ful 


mer ci-less 


tenderness 'forgiveness, full of mercy. 


without mercy. 


Pow er 


pow er-ful 


pow er-less 


authority , force. 


full of power. 

EXAMPLE VII. 


without power. 


Words formed by adding ly, 


and ness. 


Ly, added to a word, means like, or in a manner. 


Ness, denotes state or quality. 




Base 


base-ly 


base-ness 


mean, vile. 


in a base manner. 


meanness. 


Brisk 


brisk-ly 


brisk-ness 


lively, active. 


actively. 


liveliness. 


Cheap 


cheap-ly 


cheap-ness 


of low price. 


at a low price. 


lowness of price. 


Pen sive 


pen sive-ly 


pen sive-ness 


sorrowful. 


sorrowfully. 


melancholy. 


Qui et 


qui et-ly 


qui et-ness 


still, calm. 


calmly, at rest. 


rest, calmness. 


Rap id 


rap id-ly 


rap id-ness 


quick, swift. 


quickly, swiftly. 


quickness, swiftness. 




EXAMPLE VIII. 


Words formed by adding er,* or, ster, 


ess, ress and stress 


Er, or, and ster, denote the agent or performer of an action. 


Ess, ress, 


and stress, denote the female sex ; as poeUess, 


act-ress, seam 


■stress. 




* Er, when forming the comparison of adjectives, is an exception. 









THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



155 



Act 

to do, perform. 

Hunt 

to chase, search. 

Seam 

two edges united. 

Song 

a poem, a ballad. 

Di rect 

to order, address. 



act-or 

he that acts. 

hunt-er 

he that hunts. 

seam-ster 

one who sews. 

song-ster 

a singer. 

di rect-or 

one who directs. 



act-ress 

a female who acts. 

hunt-ress 

a female hunter. 

seam-stress 

a female who sews. 

song-stress 

a female singer. 

di rect-ress 

a female who directs. 



EXAMPLE IX. 

Words formed by adding able, ible, ily, ability, and ibility. 

Able, or ible, added to a word,signifies worthy to be, or capa- 
ble of being. 

Ity, ability, or ibility, signifies the state, condition, or quality 
of being. 

ac cept-a ble 

likely to be accept- 
ed, pleasing. 

ac cess-i ble 

that which may be 
approached. 

ad mi-ra ble 

worthy of being ad- 
mired. 

con form-a ble 

like, suitable. 

re sist-i ble 



Ac cept 

to receive, take, 
admit. 

Ac cess 

admission, in- 
crease. 

Ad mire 

to regard, esteem, 
love. 

Con form 

to comply with. 

Re sist 

to oppose, to act 
against. 



that which may be 
resisted. 



ac cept-a bil i ty 

the quality of being ac- 
ceptable. 

ac cess-i bil i ty 

the quality of being ac- 
cessible. 

ad mi-ra bil i ty 

the quality of being ad- 
mired. 

con form-i ty 

compliance with. 

re sist-i bil i ty 

the quality of re- 
sisting. 



EXAMPLE X, 

Words formed by adding ize, ist, and ism. 

Ize, added to a word, means to make, assimilate, treat of, or 
become. 

1st, denotes a person skilled in, or devoted to, some art, sci- 
ence or practice. 

Ism, means doctrine, practice, or principles. 



Dra ma 

a play. 

Mor al 

virtuous, honest, 
just. 



dram a-tize 

to represent in a drama. 

mor al-ize 

to speak or write on 
morality. 



dram a-tist 

a writer of a drama. 

mor al-ist 

a teacher of morals ; 
a moral man. 



1156 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



1 



Sat ire 

severe censure of vice 
or folly. 

Har mo ny 

musical concord, 
agreement. 

Mag net 

the loadstone, the stone 
that attracts iron. 

Mod ern 

late, recent. 

Pa gan 

a heathen. 



Sat ir-ize 

to censure as in a 
satire. 

har mo-nize 

to agree, to corres- 



mag net-ize 

to impart or receive 
magnetism. 

mod ern-ize 

to render modern. 

pa gan-ize 

to render heathenish. 



sat lr-ist 

one who writes 
satires. 

har mo-nist 

a musician ; a har- 
monizer. 

mag net-ism 

the properties of the 
magnet. 

mod ern-ism 

modern practice. 

pa gan-ism 

heathenism. 



EXAMPLE XI. 

Words formed by adding ive, and ion. 
Ive, live, and sive, mean tending to, or having the power or 
nature of. 

Ion, Hon and sion, denote the act, or state of being. 



Afflict 

to give pain. 

At tend 

to wait on, listen. 

Cre ate 

to make, form. 

Op press 

to burden. 

Re tain 

to keep, to hold. 



af flict-ive 

giving pain, painful. 

at ten-tive 

heedful, regardful. 

ere a-tive 

having power to create. 

Op press-ive 

burdensome. 

re ten-tive 

able or apt to retain. 



af flic-tion 

being afflicted. 

at ten-tion 

act of attending. 

ere a-tion 

the act of creating. 

op pres-sion 

act of oppressing. 

re ten-tion 

act of retaining. 



EXAMPLE XII. 

Words formed by adding ous, al, ish, age, ance, ence, and ment. 

Ous, and al, added to words, signify pertaining to, belonging 
to, full of, or like. 

Ish, means like, somewhat like, or in some degree like. 

Age, denotes rank, state, condition, reward or possession. 

Ment, ance, and ence, denote the act of, state of being, condi 
Hon, or that which. 



Haz ard 

danger ; chance. 

Mar vel 

to wonder. 



haz ard-ous 

dangerous. 

mar vel-ous 

wonderful. 



Ru in ru in-ous 

destruction, destructive. 

Ven om ven om-ous 

poison. poisonous. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



157 



Crime 

an offence. 

Doc trine 



crim i-nal 

wicked, faulty. 

doc trin-al 



precept, princi- containing doc- 
pie ; teaching, trine. 

form-al 



Form 

shape, figure ; 
ceremony. 

Frac tion 

part of a whole 
number 

Black 

dark; dismal. 

Child 



regular] cere- 
monious. 

frac tion-al 

belonging to a 
broken number. 

black-ish 

somewhat black. 

child-ish 



a young person, like a child. 



Peer 

a nobleman; an 
asso date. 

Per son 

a man, woman, 
or child. 

Pupil 

a scholar. 

At tain 

to gain. 

Mer ry 

gay, jovial. 

Per form 

to do, execute ; 
to act a part. 

Re pent 

to exercise re- 
pentance. 

Oc cur 



peer-age 

dignity of a 
peer. 

per son-age 

a person of dis- 
tinction. 

pu pil-age 

state of a scholar. 

at tam-ment 

acquisition. 

mer ri-ment 

mirth. 

perform-ance 

act of performing ; 
an action. 

re pent-ance 

sorrow for sin, peni- 
tence. 



Clown clown-ish 

a rude person, rude, ill-bred. 

Damp damp-ish 

moist, ivatery. rather damp. 

Pa rent parent-age 

fatlier or molJier. birth, decent. 

Promiscuous Exercises. 

The words to be defined according to the explanations given in the 
preceding examples. 



oc cur rence 

to come, appear, any event that hap- 
happen. pens. 



i 



Joy, gladness. 
joy-ful 

joy.ful-ly 

joy-ful-ness 

joy-less 

joy-less-ly 

joy-less-ness 

joy-ous 

joy-ous-ly 

joy-ous-ness 

Act, to do, perform. 

ac-tive 

ac-tive-ly 

ac-tive-ness 

ac-tiv-i-ty 

act-or 

act-ress 

ac-tion 

ac-tion-a-ble 



in-ac-tive 
in-ac-tive-ly 
in-ac-tiv-i-ty 
in-ac-tion 
re-act 
re-ac-tion 
o-ver-act 
coun-ter-act 
coun-ter-ac-tion 
Legal, lawful, ac- 
cording to law. 
le-gaUy 
le-gal-ize 
le-gal-i-ty 
il-le-gal 
il-le-gal-ly 
il-le-gal-ize 
il-le-gal-i-ty 
i]-le-gal-ness 

— 14 



Ac-cept, to take, re 

ceive. 
ac-cept-er 
ac-cept-ance 
ac-cept-a-tion 
ac-cept-a-ble 
ac-cept-a-bly 
ac-cept-a-ble-ness 
ac-cept-a-bil-i-ty 
un-ac-cept-a-ble 
Con-form, to comply 

with ; make like, 
con-form-er 
con-form-ist 
con-for-ma-tion 
con-form-i-ty 
con-form-a-ble 
in-con-form-i-ty 
non- con-form-ist fl 



158 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



non-con-form-i-ty in-cor-rupt-i-ble im-ma-ture 

Cor-rupt, to infect, jn-cor-rupt-i-ble-ness im-ma-ture-ly 

defile; vicious, «J-^-rupU-bd-i-ty lm . ma . t ure-ness 

spoiled. Gov-ern, to rule, di- im-ma-tu-ri-ty 

red, manage. pre-ma-ture 
cor-rupt-er & , , 

cor-rujt-ly gov-ern-or pre-ma-ture-ly 

cor-rupt-ness gov-ern-ess pre-ma-ture-ness 

cor.rujt-ive gov-ern-ment prerna-tu-ri-ty 

cor.rup-tion gov-ern-ment-al ^fe \ havi ^ 

cor.rupt-i.bl* gov-ern-a.ble a^ le ToV C arners. 

cor.rupt.i-bly un-gov-ern-a-ble an . g ^.i ar . ly 

cor-rupt-i-ble-ness mis-gov^rn an-gu-lar-i-ty 

cor-rupt-i-bil-i-ty mis-gov-ern-ment bU 6 n . gu _ lm J 

un-cor.rupt Mature, ripe ; com- tri-an-gu-lar 

in-cor-rupt pkte ; to ripen, pent-an-gu-lar 

in-cor-rupt-ive to perfect. sex-an-gu-lar 

in-cor-rupt-ness ma-ture-ly sept-an-gu-lar 

in-cor-rup-tion ma-tu-ri-ty oct-an-gu-lar 

SECTION LXXXVII. 
Brief introduction to the Arts and Sciences, including explana- 
tions of some of the Phenomena of Nature. 

Agriculture, the most useful and important of all pursuits, is 
the knowledge of soils, and their proper adaptation and man- 
agement for the production of food for man and beast. 

Architecture is the art of planning and building all sorts of 
edifices according to the best models. 

Commerce is the art of exchanging one commodity for 
another, by buying and selling, with a view to gain ; by which 
one country participates in the productions of all others. 

Sculpture is the art of carving or hewing stone, and other 
hard substances, into images. 

Painting is one of the fine arts ; and by a knowledge of the 
principles of drawing, and the effects of colours, it teaches to 
represent all sorts of objects. 

Anatomy is the art of dissecting the human body when dead, 
and of examining and arranging its component parts, in order 
to discover the nature of diseases, and thereby promote the 
knowledge of medicine and surgery. 

Biography is the historical account of the lives of particular 
men, and may be called the science of life and manners. 

Chronology is the science of computing time, and distinguish- 



f 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 159 



ing its parts, so as to determine what period has elapsed since 
any memorable event. 

Arithmetic is the art of computing by numbers : it consists 
of four separate operations ; addition, subtraction, multiplica- 
tion, and division. 

History is a narrative of past events, relative to all ages and 
nations. It is the guide of the statesman, and the favourite 
study of the enlightened scholar. It is the common school of 
mankind, equally open and useful to all. 

Natural History includes a description of the forms and in. 
stinct of animals, the growth and properties of vegetables, and 
whatever else is connected with nature. 

Botany is that part of natural history which treats of vegeta- 
bles : it arranges them in their proper classes, and describes 
their structure and use. 

Cosmography is a description of the world, or the universe, 
including the earth and infinite space. It divides itself into 
two parts, geography and astronomy. 

Geography is that science which makes us acquainted with 
the constituent parts of the globe, and its distribution into land 
and water. It also teaches us the limits, boundaries, and pecu- 
liarities of countries. 

Astronomy is that grand and sublime science which makes 
us acquainted with the figures, distances, and revolutions of the 
planetary bodies, and with the nature and extent of the uni- 
verse. 

Philosophy is the study of nature, of mind, and of morals, on 
the principles of reason. 

Logic is the art of employing reason efficaciously, in inqui- 
ries after truth, and in communicating the result to others. 

Poetry is the art or practice of writing poems, or pieces in 
verse ; by arranging the words and syllables in such equal 
order, as to produce that harmony which distinguishes it from 
prose. Verse may be either blank or in rhyme. In blank 
verse, the last words of the line do not correspond in sound, 
as they do in rhyme. 

Music is the science of harmony, produced by a combina- 
nation of melodious sounds. 

Air is a transparent, invisible, elastic fluid, encompassing the 
globe to the height of several miles. It contains the principles 
of life and vegetation ; and is found by experiment to be eight 
hundred times lighter than water. 



100 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK* 



Wind is a sensible agitation of the air, whereby a large 
quantity flows in a current out of one region into another. 

Clouds are vapours suspended in the air, from a quarter of 
a mile to two miles high. A fog is a cloud which touches the 
earth. 

Dew is produced from extremely subtile particles of water 
floating about in a calm and serene air, which being con- 
densed by the coolness of night, fall to the earth in fine and 
delicate rains. 

Mists are a collection of vapours commonly rising from 
marshes or rivers, and become more visible as the light of the 
day decreases. When a mist ascends high in the air, it is 
called a cloud. 

Rain is produced from clouds, condensed, or run together by 
the cold ; which, by their own weight, fall in drops of water. 
When they fall with violence, they are supposed to be impelled 
by the attraction of electricity. 

Hail is merely drops of rain in a frozen state. It is formed 
from rain, congealed by the coldness of the atmosphere, in its 
descent. 

The Rainbow is produced by the refraction and reflection of 
the sun's beams from falling drops of rain. It can only be seen 
when the spectator turns his back to the sun, and when it rains 
on the opposite side. 

Tides are the alternate flux and reflux of the sea, which 
takes place about every six hours. 

Thunder and Lightning are occasioned by the power called 
electricity. Lightning consists of a stream of the electrical 
fire or fluid, passing between the clouds and the earth ; and 
the thunder is nothing more than the explosion with its echoes. 

Thunder and Lightning bear the same relation to each 
other, as the flash and the report of a cannon ; and by the 
space of time which occurs between them in both cases, their 
distance from a particular spot may be known, reckoning 1142 
feet for every second. 

An Earthquake is a sudden motion of the earth, supposed to 
be caused by electricity, or by steam, generated in caverns of 
the earth. 

Religion is the worship offered to the Supreme Being, in a 
manner that we conceive to be the most agreeable to his re- 
vealed will, in order to procure his blessing in this life, and 
happinesss in a future state. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 161 


SECTION LXXXVIII. 


! NUMBERS. 


Letters. Figures. Names. Letters. Figures. Names. 


I . 1 - One 


[ XX - 20 - Twenty 


II - 2 - Two 


XXX - 30 - Thirty 


III - 3 - Three 


XL - 40 - Forty 


IV - 4 - Four 


L - 50 - Fifty 


V - 5 - Five 


LX - 60 - Sixty 


VI . 6 - Six 


LXX - 70 - Seventy 


VII - 7 - Seven 


LXXX - 80 - Eighty 


VIII - 8 - Eight 


XC - 90 - Ninety 


IX - 9 - Nine 


C - 100 - 1 hundred 


X - 10 - Ten 


CC - 200 - 2 hundred 


XI - 11 - Eleven 


CCC - 300 - 3 hundred 


XII - 12 - Twelve 


CCCC - 400 - 4 hundred 


XIII - 13 - Thirteen 


D .500-5 hundred 


XIV - 14 - Fourteen 


DC - 600 - 6 hundred 


XV - 15 - Fifteen 


DCC - 700 - 7 hundred 


XVI - 16 - Sixteen 


DCCC - 800 - 8 hundred 


XVII - 17 - Seventeen 


DCCCC - 900 - 9 hundred 


XVIII - 18 - Eighteen 


M - 1000 - 1 thousand 


XIX - 19 - Nineteen 


MDCCCXXXIX - 1839 


SECTION LXXXIX. 


Abbreviations used in Writing. 


A. Answer. ^ ^ Company ; or Deg. Degree. 
A. A. S. Fellow of the * * \ County. Del. Delaware. 


American Academy. Col. Colonel, [ers. Dept. Deputy. 


A. B. Bachelor of Arts. Com. Commission- Deut Deuteronomy. 


A. D. In the year of Conn, or Ct. Connec- Do. or Ditto. The 


our Lord. ticut. same. 


f Master of Arts; Cor. Corinthians. ^ J Doctor ; or 
. ,.-. J Before noon ; C. P. S. Keeper of r# ( Debtor. 
A> ' 1 or In the year the Privy Seal. E. East. 


(^ of the world. C. S. Keeper of the Eccl. Ecclesiastes. 


Apr. April. Seal. -p, , J Edition ; or 
Aug. August. Cr. Credit, \ Editor. 


Bart. Baronet. Cts. Cents. E. G. For Example. 


B. D. Bachelor of Di- Cwt Hundred -p, { England ; or 
vinity. weight. °* ( English. 


B. V. Blessed Virgin. D. C. District of Ep. Epistle. 


C. or cent, a hundred. Columbia. Eph. Ephesians. 


Capt. Captain. D. D. Doctor of Di- Esq. Esquire. 


Cash. Cashier. vinity. p { Example ; or 
Chap. Chapter. Dea. Deacon. ' \ Exodus 


i Chron. Chronicles. Dec. December. Exr. Executor. 



14* 



162 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Feb. February. 
Fig. Figure. 
Flor. Florida. 
F t France ; or 

' ( Francis. 
F. R. S. Fellow of the 

Royal Society. 
Gal. Galatians. 

Geo. | George ; m 

( Georgia. 
Gov. Governor. 
Gen. J General; or 

( Genesis. 
Gent. Gentleman. 
Hon. Honourable. 
Hund. Hundred. 
Ibid. In the same place. 
Ind. Indiana. 
Inst. Instant. 
Isa. Isaiah. 
Jac. Jacob. 
Jan. January. 
Josh. Joshua. 
Jun. Junior, 
K. King. 
Km. Kingdom. 
Kt Knight. 
T 5 Lord ? °r 
L ' I Lady. 
Lat. Latitude, 
lbs. Pounds. 
L. C. Lower Canada. 
Lev. Leviticus. 
Lieut. Lieutenant. 
LL. D. Doctor of 

Laws. 
Lon. Longitude. 
Lou. Louisiana. 
L. S. Place of the seal. 
M. Marquis. 
Maj. Major. 
Mass. Massachusetts. 
Mat. Matthew. 
Math. Mathematics. 
M.B. Bachelor of Phy- 
sic. 
M. D. Doctor of Physic. 
Md. Maryland. 
Me. Maine. 



M t Master ; or 

mx ' I Mister. 

Messrs. j Gentlemen; 
( or Sirs. 

Mrs. Mistress. 

M. P. Member of 
Parliament. 

MS. Manuscript. 

MSS. Manuscripts. 

N. North. 

N. B. Take Notice. 

N. C. North Caro- 
lina. 

N. H. New Hamp- 
shire. 

N. J. New Jersey. 

No. Number. 

Nov. November. 

N. S. New Style. 

N. W. T. North 
Western Terri- 
tory. 

N. Y. New York. 

O. Ohio. 

Obj. Objection. 

Obt. Obedient. 

Oct. October. 

O. S. Old Style. 

Pari. Parliament. 

Penn. or Pa. Penn- 
sylvania. 

Per. by the ; (as per 
yard, by the yard.) 

Per cent. By the hun- 
dred. 

Pet. Peter. 

Phfl.j». ;or 
( PhiJipians. 

Philom. A lover of 

learning. 

' ' '(or Afternoon. 
P. O. Post Office. 
P. S. Postscript. 
Ps. Psalm. 
Pres. President. 
Prof. Professor. 
£v J Question ; or 
I Queen. 



Rev. < 



Qr. Quarter. 

Regr. Register. 

Rep. Representa- 
tive. 

{ Revelation ; 
( or Reverend, 

Rt. Hon. Right Hon- 
ourable. 

Rom. Romans. 

R. I. Rhode Island. 

o S South ; or 

°" ( Shilling. 

S. A. South America. 

Sam. Samuel. 

S. C. South Caro- 
lina. 

Sec. \ | ecti ° n ' w 
( Secretary. 

Sen. J jg™£ r ! or 

Sept. September. 
Serg. Sergeant. 
Servt. Servant, 
cu S Saint : or 
St * Street. 
S. T. P. Professor of 

Divinity. 
S. T. D. Doctor of 

Divinity. 
Tenn. Tennessee. 
Thess. Thessalo- 

nians. 
Tho. Thomas. 
Tim. Timothy. 
U. C. Upper Canada. 
Ult. The last. 
U. S. A. United 

States of America. 
Va. Virginia. 
Viz. To wit ; 

namely. 
Vt, Vermont 
W. West. 
W. I. West Indies. 
Win, William. 
Wp. Worship. 
Wt. Weight. 
Yd. Yard. 
&c. And so forth. 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 163 

SECTION XC. 

Explanation of the Pauses and Characters used in writing. 

Punctuation is the division of a composition into sentences or parts 
of sentences, by points or marks denoting a total suspension of the 
voice during a certain space of time, in order to show more clearly the 
sense and relation of words. 

The comma ( , ) denotes a pause the time of pronouncing one sylla- 
ble ; the semicolon, ( ; ) two ; the colon, ( : ) three ; and the period, 
I.) four. 

(?) The interrogation point is used when a question is asked ; 
as, " Why do you weep]" 

( ! ) The exclamation point is used after any thing wonderful or 
surprising; as, " My friend ! this conduct amazes me!" 

( ) The parenthesis includes something explanatory, which if left 
ou£ would not obscure the sense ; and should be read in a quicker and 
lower tone of voice than the rest of the sentence. 

] The brackets include a word or sentence which serves to ex- 
plain something that precedes or follows. 

( ' ) An apostrophe denotes the omission of one or more letters ; 
as, lov'd, tho\ for loved, though. It likewise denotes the possessive 
case ; as, John's hat. 

( - ) A hyphen joins words or syllables ; as, ink-stand. 

( " " ) A quotation denotes a passage that is taken from some other 
author. 

( a) A caret is used only in writing, to show that a letter or word 
has been left out ; as, he]^ a dutiful child. 

( — ) A dash denotes a sudden pause, or a change of subject. 

( A brace is used to connect several lines or words 
( together. 

GCT An index points to some important passage. 

% A paragraph denotes the beginning of a new subject. 

5 A section is used to subdivide chapters. 

* f J || An asterisk and other references refer to some note in the 
margin or at the bottom of a page. 

Capital Letters. 

Capital letters should be used at the beginning of every book, chap- 
ter, note, and sentence : they should begin all appellations of the 
Deity ; proper names of persons, places, rivers, mountains, lakes, &c. 
and all adjectives derived from proper names ; and the pronoun I, and 
interjection O ; likewise every line of poetry. 

Whole words are sometimes printed in CAPITALS, to denote 
their peculiar importance, or to render them conspicuous or em- 
phatical. 

Small capitals, and Italic characters, are also used for the same 
purpose ; but denote a less degree of importance or emphasis. 

In writing, words intended for capitals, should have three lines 
drawn under them ; for small capitals, two ; and for italics, one. 



164 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK, 

SECTION XCL 

ERRORS IN PRONUNCIATION. 

A few of the most common errors in pronunciation are here pointed 
out, for the purpose of directing the attention of learners to this impor- 
tant subject. Great care is necessary, to form a clear, distinct, and 
correct articulation, at the very commencement of study. 

The examples here given, embrace but few of the words belonging 
to each class. 

1. In the first place, the omission of the sound of r, in such words 
as farm, harm, star, force, floor, more, worth, world, horse, remorse — 
incorrectly pronounced, fa'm, ha'm, sta\ fo'ce, floo', mo'e, wo'th, 
wo'ld, ho'se, remo'se. 

2. Adding the sound of r to such words as idea, potato, tobacco — 
mispronounced, idear, potatur, tobaccur. 

3. Omitting the sound of o in such words as history, memory, vic- 
tory — mispronounced, hist'ry, mem'ry, vict'ry. 

4. Omitting the sound of e in such words as every, several, totter- 
ing, utterance, murderer — mispronounced, ev'ry, sev'ral, tott'ring, 
utt'rance, murd'rer. 

5. Sounding the diphthong ox like long i, in such words as boil, 
hoist, joint, oil, point, spoil — mispronounced, bile, histe, jinte, ile, pinte, 
spile. 

6 Omitting the sound of h in such won?s as wheat, what, white, 
whale, whisper — mispronounced, w'eat, w'at, w'ite, w'ale, w'isper. 

7. Adding the sound of u after I and 7, in such words as elm, 
helm, alarm, overwhelm — mispronounced, elum s helum, alarumj over- 
whelm. 

8. Sounding o like u in sucn words as codect, command, complete, 
confine, correct — mispronounced cuilect ; curamand, cumplete, cun- 
fine, currect. 

9 Sounding e like u, in such words as silent, prudent, dependence, 
providence — mispronounced, siiunt, prudunt, dependunce, providunce. 

10. Sounding a like u, in such words as defiance, defendant, de- 
scendant — mispronounced, defiunce, defendunt, descendunt. 

11. Omitting the sound of g, in the termination \ng ; as in walking, 
dancing, eating, sleeping, morning, running, resting, writing- incor- 
rectly pronounced, walkin, dancin, eatin-, sleepin, momin, runnin, 
restin, wntin. 

SECTION XCI1. 

EQUIVOCAL WORDS; 

EACH OF WHICH HAS SEVERAL DIFFERENT MEANINGS. 



• Ball, b round substance : — -an en- 
tertainment of dancing. 
Bank, a heap of earth : — a place 
where money is kept. 



Base, vile, worthless: — the foun- 
dation. 

Beam a piece of timber : — a ray of 
light 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



165 



Bill, the beak of a bird : — an ac- 
count of money. 

Blade, the sharp part of a weap- 
on : — a leaf of grass. 

Box, a case or chest : — a blow : — 
name of a tree. 

Charge, accusation : — expense :— 
command. 

Coun-ter, a shop table : — contra- 
ry to. 

Dear, beloved : — expensive. 

Die,to expire : — stamp used in coin- 
age : — a colour — a small cube. 

Draw, to pull : — to take from a 
cask : — to delineate. 

Drug, a medicinal simple : — any 
worthless thing. 

Ear, the organ of hearing: — a 
spike of corn. 

Fair, beautiful: — just: — a stated 
market. 

Fast, firm : — swift : — abstinence 
from food. 

Fig-ure, shape : — a statue : — a nu- 
merical character. 

Fit, proper : — a paroxysm. 

Flag, a water plant: — a paving 
stone :— colours or ensigns. 

Foot, the part on which we 
stand : — twelve inches. 

Game, sport : — a single match at 
play : — animals chased. 

Grave, a place for the dead : — so- 
lemn, serious : — to carve. 

Graze, to feed on grass : — to touch 
lightly. 

Hail, frozen rain : — to salute. 

Hide, to conceal : — the skin of an 
animal. 

Hop, to jump on one leg : — a 
climbing plant. 

Kind, benevolent : — a sort. 

Lawn, fine linen : — an open space 
between woods. 

League, a confederacy : — three 
miles. 

Let-ter, an alphabetic charac- 
ter : — a written message. 



Lie, to utter wilful falsehoods: — 
to rest. 

light, illumination : — not heavy : 
— to kindle. 

Like, resembling : — to be pleased 
with. 

Lock, fastening for doors : — a tuft 
of hair or wool : — works to con- 
fine water in a canal. 

March, the third month : — to walk 
in procession. 

Meal, a repast : — the edible part 
of corn. 

Mean, base, low : — to intend : — to 
signify. 

Mine, a place containing miner- 
als : — belonging to me. 

Mint, a plant : — the place where 
money is coined. 

Nail an iron spike : — the horny 
substance at the end of the fin- 
gers and toes. 

Nap, a short sleep : — down on 
cloth. 

Ner-vous, vigorous : — having 
weak nerves. 

Ounce, an animal : — a weight. 

Pine, a tree : — to languish. 

Pump, an engine to raise water : — 
a shoe. 

Race, a generation : — a course at 
running. 

Re-pair, to mend : — to go to. 

Rest, repose : — remainder. 

Ring, a circle : — to sound. 

Rose, a flower : — did rise. 

Rush, a plant : — to move with vio- 
lence. 

Sage, a plant : — wise. 

Spring, one of the four seasons : — 
elastic force : — a fountain. 

Steep, much inclined : — to soak. 

Swal-low, a bird : — to take down 
the throat. 

Well, a deep narrow pi: of water : 
— in good health. 

Yard, enclosed ground : — a mea- 
sure of three feet. 



166 THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



SECTION XCIII. 

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CATECHISM. 

Q. What are your social duties ? 

A. As a citizen of the United States, I am bound to obey the laws 
of my country. 

Q. What is law ? 

A. Law is a command to do, or not to do, or a permission to do, 
some act ; and must be made by competent authority. 

Q. For what purpose are laws made ? 

A. For the protection and security of the people and their property 
against violence, oppression, injustice, and the ungovernable passions 
of those who would injure and destroy one another, if they were not 
restrained. 

Q. What is considered the supreme law of the land ? 

A. The Constitution of the United States ; together with all laws 
and treaties made under its authority. 

Q. What constitutes the United States ? 

A. The United States consist of a union of Twenty-six independ- 
ent states, besides extensive territories, united under one general 
government. 

O. What is political government ? 

A. It is the exercise of authority over nations or states, by enforcing 
or administering such laws as are given in any community. 

Q. What is the government of the United States ? 

A. It is called Republican — which is a free government, and may 
be considered the happiest and best in the world. 

Q. In whom is the sovereign power vested ? 

A. In the people. They elect their own officers or rulers, who are 
accountable to them for all their actions. 

Q. Into how many branches is the general government divided ? 

A. Three : the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. 

Q. What is legislative power 7 

A. The power of making laws. 

Q. What is executive power ? 

A. The power of administering, or putting the laws into execution. 

Q. What is the judicial power 7 

A. The power of trying causes, and deciding all matters of con- 
troversy. 

Q. Who are the principal officers of the United States ? 

A. The president, vice-president, senate, and house of representa- 
tives ; and the different officers by them appointed. 

Q. hi whom is the executive power vested ? 

A. In the president ; who is placed at the head of the nation. 

Q. How are the president and vice-president chosen ? 

A. They are chosen for four years, by electors appointed for that 
purpose, in such a manner as each state shall by law direct. 

Q. How are the laws oftlie United States made ? 

A. They are made by the Senate, and House of Representatives ; 



THE PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 167 



who are called the " Congress of the United States" — and must be 
approved and signed by the President.* 

Q. What is the Senate of the United States? 

A. It is composed of two senators from each state ; chosen by the 
state legislature for six years. 

Q. Who is president of the Senate ? 

A. The vice-president of the United States. 

Q. What is the House of Representatives ? 

A. It consists of members from all the states in the Union ; chosen 
by the people every two years. 

Q. How often do Congress meet ? 

A. They generally meet once a year ; on the first monday in De- 
cember. 

Q. Where do they meet ? 

A. At the Capitol, in the city of Washington. 

Q. In whom is the judicial power of the United States vested. 

A. In the Supreme Court of the United States, composed of nine 
judges ; and in such inferior courts, as Congress may ordain and 
establish. 

Q. How far does the judicial power extend ? 

A. To all cases in law and equity, arising under the constitution, 
treaties, and laws of the United States. 

Q. What is the distinction between the National and State Gov- 
ernments ? 

A. There is a distinct and perfectly organized government, for the 
whole people of the United States, for certain defined purposes ; in 
which all the people have a common interest : and there are likewise 
State Governments for all other purposes, which act within their own 
limits, and on their own citizens. Every person is, at all times, subject 
to both these governments. 

Q. What are the State Governments ? 

A. They are representative Republics. 

Q. How are they conducted ? 

A. By written constitutions, adopted by the people, and the laws 
made under them. 

Q. Into how many branches is each state government divided ? 

A. Three : the legislative, executive, and judicial. 

Q. How are the state laws made 1 

A. Similar to those of the United States. 

Q. Who is the principal officer of each state ? 

A. The Governor. 

Q. How is he appointed ? 

A. In some states, he is elected by the people ; in others by the le- 
gislature. 

Q. How are the states divided? 

A. Into counties ; and the counties into towns : each of which 
have their officers. 



* If the President refuse to sign a bill, and two thirds of both branches of • 
Congress concur, it becomes a law without the President's signature. 



168 



THE. PICTORIAL SPELLING-BOOK. 



Q. What is the chief object of law ? 

A. The prevention of crimes, by punishment, for the example of 
others, with imprisonment and death. 

Q. What are some of the crimes for which death is inflicted. 

A. Murder, piracy, arson, and treason. 

Q. How are crimes not capital, punished ? 

A. By imprisonment in the state prison for life, or for a number of 
years ; by imprisonment in the common jail, and fine ; by confine- 
ment in houses of correction, and fine ; or by fine only. 

Q. How is the guilt of an offender ascertained ? 

A. By public trial in a court of law ; in which twelve persons are 
a sworn jury, to decide whether they all think him guilty, or not 
guilty. 

Q. Is the duty of a juryman important ? 

A. It is one of the most important duties that a citizen is called 
upon to perform. The life, liberty, property, and honour of individuals 
are at his disposal : because every juror must agree to the verdict 
before it can be pronounced ; and each one is bound to decide accord- 
ing to his own view of the subject, and not according to the views or 
wishes of others. 

Q. What are the means of avoiding crimes ? 

A. Constantly to avoid temptation ; always to shun bad or loose 
company ; never to spend more than your income ; never to do what 
your conscience tells you is wrong ; and always to remember you are 
in the presence of your Maker. 

Q. What are the other motives for avoiding crimes ? 

A. The experience of all wicked men, and their frequent declara- 
tions, that a life of crime is a life of anxiety, trouble, torment, and 
misery : and also the known fact, that contentment, health, cheerful- 
ness, and happiness, attend a good conscience, and an honest and vir- 
tuous life. 

Q. What is the duty of good citizens ? 

A. To be respectful to rulers, and obedient to the laws ; to maintain 
the public peace ; to earn by honest and useful industry, in their seve- 
ral callings, the means of subsistence ; to reverence and respect the 
duties of religion ; and to perform all the relative and social duties of 
life with honesty and humanity. 

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



Names. 



Born. 



Elected Service, 
Pres. No. yrs. 



Retired, 
aged. 



Age. 



1 George Washington, 

2. Jchn Adams, 

3. Thomas Jefferson, 

4. James Madison, 

5. James Monroe, 

6 John Gluincy Adams. 

7. Andrew Jackson, 

8. Marti q Van Buren, 



1732 


1789 


8 


66 


1735 


1797 


4 


66 


1743 


1801 


8 


66 


1751 


1809 


8 


66 


1759 


1817 


8 


66 


1767 


1825 


4 


62 


1767 


1829 


8 


70 


1762 


1837 







Dec. 14, 1799, 
July 4, 1826, 
July 4, 1826, 
June 28, 1836, 
July 4, 1831, 



THE END. 



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